经济高速增长条件下中国区域可持续发展状态的综合评价

本文从区域的可持续发展的观点出发,建立了全国的可持续发展指标体系,运用可持续发展指标对全国３１个省市区的经济发展、社会进步、资源与环境保障及可持续发展能力进行了综合评价,阐述了在高速增长经济条件下我国的可持续发展状态。     

壳聚糖对烟草抗黑胫病的作用

研究表明,壳聚糖除了对烟草黑胫病菌（Ｐｈｙｔｏｐｈｔｈｏｒａ ｐａｒａｓｉｔｉｃａ）有抑制作用外,还能诱导烟草植株的抗病性。烟苗经浓度为０．５ｇＬ＾－１和１ｇＬ＾－１的壳聚糖处理４ｄ后,诱导效应分别为７８．５６％和１００％,用浓度为１ｇＬ＾－１的壳聚糖处理烟草幼苗,叶片中的苯丙氨酸解氨酶（ＰＡＬ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯ）和多酶氧化酶（ＰＰＯ）３种防御酶的活性均比ＣＫ有所提高。     

Vegetation monitoring in South-Varanger, Norway – species composition of ground vegetation and its relation to environmental variables and pollution impact

The area along the Norwegian-Russian border is threatened by air pollution from emission sources on the Kola Peninsula. A permanent network of 78 systematically chosen monitoring sites has been established in eastern Finnmark, Norway. Species abundance data from the ground vegetation have been recorded from 1320 systematically chosen permanent plots inside 66 of these sites, using frequency in subplots and visual estimates of percentage cover. Environmental variables were obtained for the whole site. Multivariate data analysis has been used to describe the variation in the species composition and to study its relation to environmental variables and pollution impact. The analyses show that much of the variation in the species composition, based on average species abundance at the sites, is well explained by different soil and climatic conditions. However, estimated SO₂ deposition, Ni, and Cu in the soil, and Ni in Cladina tissue have also been found to be statistically significantly correlated with the variation in the species data, but they explain only a minor part of the variation. The pollution impact over several years may have lead to a reduced lichen cover in the bottom-layer vegetation. Further development in an either negative or positive direction can be detected by re-investigations of the monitoring sites.     

盐泥吸附剂对直接染料的平衡吸附行为和热力学性质研究

以染料废水处理用盐泥吸附剂的开发为目的,在静态吸附条件下,研究了含镁盐泥对直接大红、直接深蓝和直接黑3种直接染料的吸附行为,并对吸附过程的热力学进行了分析。结果表明,吸附平衡数据都能够较好地符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程,但Langmuir方程能够更好地描述吸附等温线。在25～30℃范围内,3种直接染料在盐泥上的吸附是一个吸热过程,同时伴随着熵值的增加,反应的吉布斯自由能变小。吸附是物理和化学吸附并存的吸附过程,主要推动力为化学键力（化学吸附）,同时可能存在范德华力（物理吸附）,吸附焓变在74120～87332 kJ/mol之间。     

厌氧生物降解活性黑KN-B5

研究了在葡萄糖作为共代谢基质时活性黑KN-B5的降解效果。实验结果表明:当葡萄糖质量浓度为1 500m g/L时,活性黑KN-B5初始质量浓度为30m g/L的染料溶液厌氧生物降解24h和48h后的降解率分别达到77.5%和90.3%;活性黑KN-B5的厌氧降解符合一级动力学方程,其反应速率常数为0.043 6h-1,半衰期为15.9h;葡萄糖质量浓度的增大对提高活性黑KN-B5厌氧生物降解效果有利。紫外-可见光谱扫描结果表明,活性黑KN-B5的降解过程中生成了小分子芳香胺类化合物;扫描电子显微镜照片表明污泥中对活性黑KN-B5起降解作用的菌种主要是杆菌和球菌。     

国家储备物资的属性功能及其作用价值

从全球化、国情和宏观经济运行的现代视角对国家储备物资的实质属性及其功能特征进行深入和系统分析的基础上,揭示了国家储备物资在国家发展、社会稳定和经济建设等方面的必要性及其投入使用的作用原理,对国家储备物资参与国家经济、安全和社会生活的现代价值及其意义进行了研究。研究证明,在应对突发性事件或不确定因素所造成的巨灾和风险时,国家储备物资因其属性功能而不仅具有比较优势,更具有绝对优势;它们的投入和使用对国家政治和经济的稳定,保证民生和国家安全等方面,可以发挥刚性作用与弹性作用。这种功能性的优势及其作用是市场机制不具备的效能,是社会其他资源或力量无法替代的,在经济全球化和现代化发展中,它们是国家实力与核心竞争力的重要成分。     

利用磷肥生产废弃物制备4A分子筛

以磷肥生产废弃物氟硅酸制备氟化铵溶液时副产的白碳黑为原料,以铝矾土为铝源,制备了晶化导向剂,并采用水热法制备了4A分子筛.考察了晶化导向剂加入量、晶化时间和晶化温度对4A分子筛性能的影响.实验结果表明,当晶化导向剂的加入量为7%(质量分数)、晶化温度为80℃、晶化时间为2 h时,制备的4A分子筛的钙交换容量(以CaCO_3计)为336 mg/g,并采用X射线衍射仪和红外光谱仪对4A分子筛的结构进行了表征.     

远程无线视频监控系统设计

该文设计了一种基于3G的无线视频监控系统.论述了系统的基本组成及相关工作原理.重点对系统应用的关键技术进行了详细分析.该系统具有压缩比高、布线灵活、经济高效的特点.系统能实现复杂环境下的视频监控.     

Identification and Classification of Key Variables and their Role in Environmental Impact Assessment: Methodology and Software Package Intra

There is, as yet, no proven methodology to enable, objectively,the identification of key parameters out of a large number one normally encounters during any EIA. As EIA is a costly and time-consuming exercise, it is necessary to separate the man from the boys – so to speak – in order to optimize costs andefforts.In this paper a methodology for distinguishing the moreimportant parameters from the less important ones, developed byus, is described. The methodology aims at identifying andshortlisting the key parameters which ought to be studied in agiven EIA situation, thereby helping in reducing time, effort,and cost of EIA. With this methodology a system structure is developed whichgives hierarchical pattern of inter-parameter interaction, andreveals several distinguishing features of each parameter. Asoftware package INTRA (INTer-parameter Relationship Analysis)based on this methodology, has been developed. The paper alsodescribes a case study in which INTRA has been used to study theenvironmental impacts of urbanization of a typical third worldtown (Roorkee).     

差减法和直接法对水中总有机碳测定结果比较

为了比较差减法和直接法对水中总有机碳测定结果,分别配制差减法和直接法的工作曲线,并分别通过差减法和直接法对不同水体中的总有机碳含量进行测定。比较测定结果,发现差减法和直接法对较清洁水体样品的TOC测定结果误差不大,而对废水样品的TOC测定结果误差较大。