Dynamics of Turbulence in Low-Speed Oscillating Bottom-Boundary Layers of Stratified Basins

This paper focuses on the impact of an oscillating low-speed current on the structure and dynamics of the bottom-boundary layer (BBL) in a small stratified basin. A set of high-resolution current profile measurements in combination with temperature-microstructure measurements were collected during a complete cycle of the internal oscillation (`seiching') in the BBL of Lake Alpnach, Switzerland. It was found that even a relatively long seiching period of 24 hours significantly changed the form of the near-bottom current profiles as well as the dynamics of the turbulent dissipation rate compared to the steady-state law-of-the-wall. A logarithmic fit to the measured current profiles starting at a distance of 0.5 m above the sediment led to inconsistent estimates of both friction velocity and roughness length. Moreover, a phase lag between the current and the turbulent dissipation of 1.5 hours and a persistent maximum in the current profile at a height of 2.5 to 3 m above the sediment were observed. The experimental findings were compared to the results of a k- turbulence model and showed good agreement in general. Specifically, the inconsistent logarithmic fitting results and the observed phase lag were reproduced well by the model.     

New particle formation observed from a rain shadow region of the Western Ghats,India

Abstract

This study reports on new particle formation (NPF) and characteristic features observed from a rural site falling in the rainshadow of the Western Ghats in peninsular India. A total of 35 NPF events observed during August 2018 - January 2019 are classified and analyzed here. The apparent formation rates ranged from 0.2 to 10.0?cm^–3 s^–1, while the growth rates of nucleation mode particles ranged from 1.2 to 13.8?nm h^–1. The frequency of occurrence was least during August (core monsoon) and highest during post-monsoon. The local winds were calm and southeasterly to easterly (from the urban centre) supplying the essential precursor gases during October and November, leading to a frequent occurrence of nucleation events. Observations suggest that an increased condensation sink could limit the NPF while promoting Aitken mode growth. The newly formed particles accounted for about 10–80% of the total aerosol concentration. These newly formed particles were able to act as cloud condensation nuclei after growing to approximately 50?nm with an average activation fraction of 0.4.     

自然条件下植物叶片CO2同化率昼夜变化的生理生态特性

本文利用二氧化碳分析仪及开放式叶室，分别于旱、温季节在野外观测１３种乔木树种的叶片ＣＯ２同化速率的全天变化，分析各种植物白天净光合速率曲线类型的特点和夜间呼吸与气温的回归关系．结果：７月份植物白天光合时间相对较长，中午，植物光合曲线的午休现象表现不一，曲线特征取决于种的生物特性及环境因子．在气温较高的范围内（２５～３０℃）夜间阔叶树种的呼吸与气温呈负相关，但在１月份却不明显，针叶树种的夜间呼吸无论在高温、潮湿的７月份还是低温、干旱的１月份都不与温度呈现线性关系．     

低药耗费通试剂氧化乙二醇废水的实验研究

对排放量小，间歇排放的乙二醇废水进行费通试剂催化氧化处理的条件研究。结果表明，在合适的条件下，采用费通试剂催化氧化－－加碱凝聚分离－－处理水循环回流的工艺。ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率达９６％，处理水可稳定达标排放。此工艺具有降低药耗，提高ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率的双重效果。     

北京市轻型汽车尾气排放检测结果分析

对北京市566辆在用轻型车排放尾气进行了BASM检测，对不同厂牌的化油器车、化油器改造车和电喷车排放的HC、CO和NO平均浓度进行了比较，结果表明，化油器改造车3种污染物平均浓度比化油器车低50％左右，电喷车3种污染物平均浓度可比化油器车低80％左右。同时对几种车型的劣化规律进行了分析，发现化油器车的劣化关系离散性大，而另外两种技术的车辆的劣化关系呈收敛性，说明化油器车的污染物排放和保养关系密切，电喷车劣化规律明显优于化油器车和化油器改造车。实验结果为I／M实施提供了科学依据。     

ThreeIndustries and water consumption of Beijing

ＴｈｒｅｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓａｎｄｗａｔｅｒｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎｏｆＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＷａｎｇＨｏｎｇｒｕｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１００８７５，...     

室内废气污染的计算与分析

通过对吸油烟机抽吸风场有效强度矢量图的测量 ,给出了吸油烟机质量技术检验方法和油烟废气、燃气废气污染泄漏量的计算方法 ;对油烟、燃气废气在厨房的扩散与循环作了详细分析 ,并对国标提出几点建议。     

垃圾渗滤液的生物降解特性与动态模型实验研究

应用微生物耗氧速率测定法对不同来源不同季节垃圾渗滤液的生物降解特性进行了比较评估 ,并采用经过长期驯化的厌氧 好氧废水生物处理模型系统对被评估为难生物降解的一种渗滤液进行了动态模拟运行试验。研究结果表明 ,不同来源的污泥菌种及驯化前后均表现出不同的生化代谢活性。驯化污泥对 3种被测渗滤液的耗氧速率常数相差甚大 ,3种待测废水分别被评估为易生物降解、难生物降解及不能被受试微生物降解等类别。当厌氧 好氧模型生物反应器系统进水CODCr、NH+4 N浓度分别为 3 0 18 9mg L、45 2 4mg L时出水质量可达到GB16889 1997排放标准。CODCr及NH+4 N总去除率分别为 78 9%和 75 8%。     

Effects of drought climate on the photosynthesis of Aneurolepidium chinense community in the typical steppe region of Inner Mongolia

Under the dry weather conditions in the typical steppe region of Inner Mongolia, the diurnal change curve of photosynthetic rate of Aneurolepidium chinense community is a curve of "double peaks" with midday depression. The photosynthetic rate in the morning is height than in the afternoon, which is related to the water condition at that time. The decrease range of community photosynthetic rate at noon is closely correlated with the low air relative humidity and soil moisture, the photosynthetic rate decreases less under better water condition.The instantaneous photosynthetic rate and diurnal net photosynthesis declined in dry condition, but they rised after irrigation or nitrogen-fertilization. Thus irrigation and fertilization is a effective way to improve grasslands and to raise grassland productivity.     

尿素湿法烟气脱硫动力学研究

通过对尿素湿法烟气脱硫过程动力学的研究,确定其反应级数及反应速率常数.结果表明,尿素湿法烟气脱硫过程在20℃～100℃的范围内是零级反应过程,且升高温度有利于提高烟气脱硫速率.