环境责任保险的运作机制

环境责任保险是以被保险人因污染环境而应承担的损害赔偿和治理责任为标的的责任保险形式，是为排污企业设置的一道公共安全网，同时也使社会公众能够即时、充分地获得损害赔偿。为了更好的发挥环境责任保险分散风险、消化损失的功能，在运作机制的设计上应采取差别保险费率、强制保险和由政府给予支持的制度。     

混凝法从利福霉素SV钠药渣中回收蛋白质的研究

研究用钙盐和Polyacrylamide(PAM)混凝的处理方法,从利福霉素SV钠药渣中回收粗蛋白.药渣含水89%左右,具有蛋白质胶体溶液的性质.处理后机械脱水率提高到64%以上.与盐析法比较,机械脱水能耗上升,而处理药剂成本大幅度下降,产品成本降低200元/T左右.     

袋式除尘器在锅炉干法脱硫系统上的应用

在干法脱硫系统上，用长袋低压脉冲袋式除尘器取代电除尘器，即可提高除尘效率，也可提高脱硫效率。     

Conversion regular patterns of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in UASB reactor

On the basis of continuous tests and batch tests, conversion regular patterns of acetate, propionate and butyrate in activated sludge at different heights of the UASB reactor were conducted. Results indicated that the conversion capacity of the microbe is decided by the substrate characteristic when sole VFA is used as the only substrate. But when mixed substrates are used, the conversion regulations would have changed accordingly.Relationships of different substrates vary according to their locations. In the whole reactor, propionate‘s conversion is restrained by acetate and butyrate of high concentration. On the top and at the bottom of the reactor, conversion of acetate, but butyrate, is restrained by propionate. And in the midst, acetate‘s conversion is accelerated by propionate while that of butyrate is restrained. It is proved, based on the analysis of specific conversion rate, that the space distribution of the microbe is the main factor that affects substrates‘ conversion. The ethanol-type fermentation of the acidogenicophase is the optimal acid-type fermentation for the two-phase anaerobic process.     

Experimental study on Cr(Ⅵ) reduction by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Investigation on Cr(Ⅵ) reduction was conducted using Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study demonstrated that the Cr(Ⅵ) can be effectively reduced to Cr(Ⅲ) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The effects of the factors affecting Cr(Ⅵ) reduction rate including carbon source type, pH, initial Cr(Ⅵ) concentration and amount of cells inoculum were thoroughly studied. Malate was found to yield maximum biotransformation, followed by succinate and glucose, with the reduction rate of 60.86%, 43.76% and 28.86% respectively. The optimum pH for Cr(Ⅵ) reduction was 7.0, with reduction efficiency of 61.71% being achieved. With the increase of initial Cr(Ⅵ) concentration, the rate of Cr(Ⅵ) reduction decreased. The reduction was inhibited strongly when the initial Cr(Ⅵ) concentration increased to 157 mg/L. As the amount of cells inoculum increased, the rate of Cr(Ⅵ) reduction also increased. The mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ) reduction and final products were also analysed. The results suggested that the soluble enzymes appear to be responsible for Cr(Ⅵ) reduction by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the reduced Cr(Ⅲ) was not precipitated in the form of Cr(OH)3.     

加速量热仪在物质热稳定性研究中的应用

加速量热仪（ARC）是一种基于绝热原理设计的热分析仪器,与其它热分析仪器相比,加速量热仪可以测量克量级的固体或高闪点液体样品,具有测试样品最大,敏感度高等特点,并能够实时记录样品放热反应过程中的温度和压力变化,以过氧化氢叔丁基为例说明加速量热仪测试结果在研究物质质变热稳定性方面的应用,得到了过氧化氢叔丁基放热分解反应的温度－时间和压力－时间关系曲线以及升温速度和压力随温度变化的曲线,通过计算和分析得到了反应系统升压速率随压力的变化曲线,计算出了过氧化氢叔丁基分解反应的动力学参数表观活化能Ea和指前因子A。     

典型耐候钢在江津大气环境中暴晒1 a的腐蚀行为

目的 研究3种典型耐候钢在江津大气环境中暴晒1 a的初期腐蚀行为。方法 采用户外大气挂片、腐蚀质量损失、SEM、XRD、电化学等方法,研究Q355NH、Q460FRW、Q690的腐蚀速率、锈层形貌、锈层物相和锈层电阻,并与Q345碳钢进行对比。结果 耐候钢和碳钢在大气暴晒初期的腐蚀规律是一致的,Q355NH、Q460FRW、Q690和Q345碳钢的腐蚀速率分别为0.050 9、0.053 6、0.047 8、0.055 mm/a,Q690的腐蚀速率最小,约为碳钢的87%。耐候钢和碳钢的锈层都主要由α-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH和Fe₂O₃组成,耐候钢的锈层更致密,裂纹更少。Q355NH、Q460FRW、Q690的锈层电阻值分别为821.3、1 005、1 080?·cm²,碳钢为101.68?·cm²,耐候钢的锈层电阻值约为碳钢的10倍。Cr和Cu元素在耐候钢的锈层中富集明显。结论 耐候钢的腐蚀速率低于碳钢,3种耐候钢的耐蚀性顺序为Q690>Q355NH>Q460FRW。Cr和Cu元素在...     

汽车环境风洞地面区域流场数值仿真

目的 探究汽车环境风洞地面区域流场规律,获取风洞边界层抽吸装置的最佳抽吸率和底盘测功机对风洞地面区域边界层厚度、风速、总压和静压的影响规律,并比较MRF法和旋转壁面法对底盘测功机转毂转动模拟的精度。方法 运用计算流体动力学方法对汽车环境风洞流场进行数值仿真计算。结果 边界层抽吸装置对应于喷口风速120 km/h时的最佳抽吸率为0.048。底盘测功机区域总压呈现下降趋势。相比于存在底盘测功机,汽车环境风洞无底盘测功机时,底盘测功机区域内相同位置的边界层厚度会增加1.28～12.22 mm。在前转毂的前侧、上侧、后侧和后转毂的上侧和后侧会有一个高风速区域,区域内风速比设定风速高1%～4%,与无底盘测功机相比,区域内静压值低0.32～46.02 Pa。在前后转毂前侧和后侧与地面相连接的凹部会有一个低风速区域,区域内风速比设定风速低1%～5%,与无底盘测功机相比,区域内静压值高0.08～49.34 Pa。底盘测功机转毂的转动会使附近区域的地面边界层厚度变大。在前转毂前侧,采用旋转壁面法进行模拟比MRF法地面边界层厚度增加近8 mm,而在其他位置,2种模拟方法对边界层厚度的模拟差别在1.5 mm...     

城市高架道路系统抗震性能分析

城市高架道路系统是城市交通系统的抗震薄弱环节,其震害不仅影响其自身的通行能力,通常还会影响高架道路下方的地面交通.对高架道路系统抗震性能的分析方法进行了系统阐述.采用系统分析方法对上海市内环高架道路系统进行了抗震性能分析,得到了震后系统通行时间延长值,而震后系统通行时间延长反映了系统通行能力的降低.     

膜法解吸CO_2吸收富液

采用中空纤维膜接触器(FMC)作为解吸装置,对吸收了CO_2的N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)溶液(富液)进行膜法解吸实验。考察了CO_2负荷、解吸温度、解吸压力、富液流速和N_2吹扫流量对CO_2解吸率的影响。结果表明,富液中CO_2负荷越大、解吸温度越高、解吸压力越低、富液流速越大、N_2吹扫流量越大,则CO_2解吸率越高。综合考虑,本实验优选的工艺条件为解吸温度45~65℃,解吸压力10~30 k Pa,富液流速0.08 m/s,N_2吹扫流量200 m L/min。