水污染控制指标交易市场的工作原理

为提高区域总量控制管理系统的效率,提供我国实施排污许可证有偿转让政策的理论依据,设计给出了两种水污染控制指标转让的交易市场模型并讨论其工作原理。     

富营养化水体中内源磷负荷的有效控制

介绍了国内外内源磷控制的主要措施和目前研究现状，并对各种控制措施进行了评价，提出了选择的依据。     

硝化细菌在氨氮深度处理中的应用研究

通过使用硝化细菌增养液挂膜，用生物接触氧化法对生活污水处理厂出水以及富营养化河水中的氨氮进行了处理。试验结果表明：在很短的水力停留时间条件下（１ｈ），污水厂出水经处理后ＮＨ３－Ｎ全部达标并小于８ｍｇ／Ｌ，其去除率达７０％；ＮＯ＾－２－Ｎ小于４ｍｇ／Ｌ。富营养化河水在ＨＲＴ为１．２ｈ时，出水ＮＨ３－Ｎ与ＮＯ＾－２均小于１ｍｇ／Ｌ。试验出水中的氮主要以ＮＯ＾－３－Ｎ的形式存在。     

浅谈A/O生物脱氮工艺的设计计算

本文论述了A/O生物脱氮工艺的特点,讨论了A/O工艺的合理设计问题,并介绍了用于计算A/O生物脱氮效率、缺氧池、好氧池及需氧量的公式.     

九寨沟公路和栈道降雨径流污染负荷过程的研究

对九寨沟国家公园中的公路和游客栈道进行了人工降雨试验的设计、操作和测试数据分析.模拟试验选择6处公路和栈道试验区,采用人工降雨方法模拟雨量出现概率60%、历时30 min的降雨.试验按3 min间隔对各试验场降雨径流带出的总磷负荷进行现场监测.研究结果提供了在具有代表性的降雨条件对总磷营养物输出的定量估计.尤其对公路和栈道降雨径流特征获得了认识:污染物初始冲刷浓度期延续约3 min;在降雨强度不变的情况下,污染物负荷率接近常量.大部分污染物负荷可由出现频率较大的小降雨事件输出.表明研究结果提供了一种思路,即可采用平均负荷方式取代过去的平均浓度方式去构建公路和栈道的负荷模型.     

人体力学应用问题

较系统地阐述了人体力学的内涵、生理基础，各种力学作业（搬运、负重）的力学特征．改善力学负荷，提高工效的成就。还具体阐述了人体力学对于提高人类从事体力作业的工效的作用与意义，对其推广应用将会起到积极作用。     

用影响负荷分析法研究峨眉山风景保护区大气污染控制的对策

传统的大气污染评价方法是以Pi/Pio为基础,用于特殊环境的大气污染控制存在一定的缺陷,本文提出影响负荷分析法,是建立在大气污染物输送扩散的基础上的,并用以研究峨眉山风景保护区大气污染控制的对策,其结论更为科学合理。     

STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COAL-MINE DISCHARGES ON WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA REMINING SITES1

ABSTRACT: Under an approved remining program, a coal mine operator can remine abandoned sites without legally assuming treatment responsibilities of the previously degraded water, as long as these discharging waters are not further degraded. Determination of discharge degradation caused by remining of abandoned coal mines requires knowledge of mine water quality and discharge flow rate characteristics both before and after remining. Normality tests performed on the water quality and flow data from 57 mine discharges indicate generally nonnormal distributions and extreme right-skewness. Exploratory data analysis (notched box-and-whisker plots) of the differences among medians indicates that the water quality of underground mines was more highly degraded in terms of acidity, iron, and sulfate concentrations than that from surface mines. Spearman's rank correlation tests, normality testing, and exploratory data analysis indicate that discharge flow rate is the primary controlling factor on the variability of pollution load rate. Reduction of recharge from the surface and adjacent unmined strata should decrease the mine discharge flow rate and in turn the pollution load.     

挖掘荷载冲击下输气管道动力响应分析

为了对挖掘荷载冲击下输气管道的动力响应情况与影响因素进行分析,利用ANSYS AUTODYN有限元软件对挖掘荷载冲击管道的过程进行数值模拟,根据仿真结果分析不同挖掘环境下管道的受损程度。研究结果表明:当受到挖掘荷载的作用时,管道的应力分布成对称状,在荷载作用位置单元处,有效应力达到最大值,且挖掘荷载大小与斗齿数对管道受损程度的影响较为明显。     

Fish Communities of Small Ponds in the Udmurt Republic: Structural Features and Trends in Anthropogenic Successions

The ichthyofauna of 20 small ponds in the Udmurt Republic was studied to estimate the dependence of fish species abundance on pond size and anthropogenic load, as well as trends in the succession of dominant species complexes in ponds exposed to the prevailing impact of agricultural activity. Changes in the ecological structure of fish communities in small ponds upon an increase in the anthropogenic load were analyzed. Some specific features of the species composition of ichthyofauna in technogenic pond biocenoses were revealed.