Dissolution of different zinc salts and Zn uptake by Sedum alfredii and maize in mono- and co-cropping under hydroponic culture

Previous soil pot and field experiments demonstrated that co-cropping the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii with maize increased Zn phytoextraction by S. alfredii and decreased Zn uptake by maize shoots. This hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate whether the facilitation of Zn phytoextraction by S. alfredii resulted from improved dissolution in this co-cropping system and its relation to root exudates. S. alfredii and maize were mono-and co-cropped (without a root barrier) in nutrient solution spiked with four Zn compounds, ZnS, ZnO, Zn3(PO4)2 and 5ZnO·2CO3·4H2O (represented as ZnCO3 ) at 1000 mg/L Zn for 15 days without renewal of nutrient solution after pre-culture. The root exudates were collected under incomplete sterilization and analyzed. The results indicated that the difference in Zn salts had a greater influence on the Zn concentration in maize than for S. alfredii, varying from 210-2603 mg/kg for maize shoots and 6445-12476 mg/kg for S. alfredii in the same order: ZnCO3 > ZnO >Zn3(PO4)2 > ZnS. For the four kinds of Zn sources in this experiment, co-cropping with maize did not improve Zn phytoextraction by S. alfredii. In most cases, compared to co-cropped and mono-cropped maize, mono-cropped S. alfredii resulted in the highest Zn2+ concentration in the remaining nutrient solution, and also had a higher total concentration of low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOA) and lower pH of root exudation. Root exudates did partly influence Zn hyperaccumulation in S. alfredii.     

白洋淀流域氮、磷、COD负荷估算及来源解析

基于DEM数据,运用GIS工具划分子流域,并提取土地利用和土壤类型等空间相关资料,通过文献调研和区域情况调查获取模型参数,建立白洋淀流域氮、磷、COD污染负荷模型,并进行污染源解析.结果表明:流域氮负荷为31815.47t/a,主要来自种植和土壤侵蚀,贡献率分别为26.52%和21.03%;磷负荷为3873.33t/a,主要来自土壤侵蚀和种植,贡献率分别为30.78%和25.80%;流域COD负荷为110728.52t/a,主要来自畜禽养殖和城镇污水,贡献率分别为43.47%和23.53%.总体分析表明,种植、畜禽养殖、土壤侵蚀和城镇污水是影响白洋淀流域氮、磷、COD污染物的主要来源,需优先施以管控.     

公路运输振动环境下发动机粘接界面受载情况分析

目的 基于实测数据,分析公路运输时发动机粘接界面处受振动载荷情况,为振动试验提供依据.方法 采用加速度传感器记录公路运输下加速度数据,对信号进行时域统计分析,并完成载荷谱的构建,通过有限元软件,构建发动机简化模型,进行发动机模态分析和振动过程模拟.结果 对消除趋势项后信号进行统计分析,信号峰值大于3倍均方根值,表明振动数据中包含数值急剧变化的部分,信号峭度为9.34,属于超高斯分布,采集信号中包含冲击信号.将简化后PSD作为输入进行模态分析,结果表明,后封头底端粘接界面位移较大,通过选取的4个参考点上看,位移和加速度均方根值突变的频率在33 Hz附近.模拟实际振动过程发现,前封头及筒段处粘接界面所受应力较为均匀,约为25 kPa,在封头和圆筒段相接处应力值较大,特别是在后封头顶端,存在应力集中,应力值最大可达130 kPa.从应力历程上可以看出,药柱的松弛效应使得冲击过后应力幅值迅速变小.结论 通过实测数据与有限元软件结合,完成了发动机粘接界面模态分析和实际振动过程模拟,为后续振动试验提供了基础.     

燃煤电厂PM_(2.5)捕集增效技术的研究及应用

介绍了一种燃煤电厂PM2.5捕集增效技术—烟尘预荷电微颗粒捕集增效装置的结构组成和工作原理,研究了双极荷电对粉尘凝并的影响及扰流柱的产涡效果,在中试平台上测试了热态模拟烟气条件下该装置的增效结果。该技术在300MW机组工程上应用的测试结果为:电除尘器出口PM2.5下降30%,烟尘总质量浓度下降20%。     

挖掘荷载冲击下输气管道动力响应分析

为了对挖掘荷载冲击下输气管道的动力响应情况与影响因素进行分析,利用ANSYS AUTODYN有限元软件对挖掘荷载冲击管道的过程进行数值模拟,根据仿真结果分析不同挖掘环境下管道的受损程度。研究结果表明:当受到挖掘荷载的作用时,管道的应力分布成对称状,在荷载作用位置单元处,有效应力达到最大值,且挖掘荷载大小与斗齿数对管道受损程度的影响较为明显。     

沸石负载型TiO2处理炼化反渗透浓缩水的研究

利用沸石负载型二氧化钛对炼化企业的反渗透浓缩水进行研究,考察了催化剂对浓缩水的处理效果及影响降解的因素。由实验结果可知:沸石负载型二氧化钛对反渗透浓缩水TOC降解率达到67.4%,降解浓缩水的最佳条件为:pH值为4～6,温度30～40℃,光照时间2.5h,催化剂投加量为1.5g/L。实验为浓缩水处理技术的发展提供了新的依据。     

Sitting Posture,Postural Discomfort,and Visual Performance: A Critical View on the Interdependence of Cognitive and Anthropometric Factors in the VDU Workplace

The study focuses on individual and standard visual display unit (VDU) workplaces with respect to performance and muscular load. Three different work settings were realized: The workplace was either adjusted to individual preferences or to the European standard. The third condition mirrored exactly the individual setting, however participants were told that it was set according to another standard. Dependent variables were visual performance in a search task, the rated muscular load, and individual preferences. Results show that both individual work settings yielded a superior performance as compared to the standard. However, performance and muscular comfort improved when participants knew they had adjusted the workplace. Apparently, VDU users follow a intuitive rationale adjusting their work setting minimizing muscular load and optimizing performance.     

Influence of trunk muscle activity and stability in front and back holding

Purpose. A tandem carrying style is often used in the workplace, but carrying approaches are different for two people because of the holding load in the tandem posture. To understand these carrying styles, this study aimed to investigate the patterns of muscle activity and stability of the trunk influenced by front and back holding of a heavy load. Methods. Electromyography data of eight trunk and two hip muscles, as well as displacements of the trunk, were recorded for analysis while subjects stood statically holding a handle in the front and back of the body with and without load. Results. Without load, muscle activities during front holding mirrored those during back holding. With load, greater muscle activities were observed in the dorsal muscles of the trunk and lesser activities were noted in the ventral muscles in the two holding styles. More frequencies of trunk oscillations occurred in front holding with and without load. Conclusions. The results revealed that back holding of load created more stability of the upper body, whereas front holding resulted in more instability of the trunk.     

Fish Communities of Small Ponds in the Udmurt Republic: Structural Features and Trends in Anthropogenic Successions

The ichthyofauna of 20 small ponds in the Udmurt Republic was studied to estimate the dependence of fish species abundance on pond size and anthropogenic load, as well as trends in the succession of dominant species complexes in ponds exposed to the prevailing impact of agricultural activity. Changes in the ecological structure of fish communities in small ponds upon an increase in the anthropogenic load were analyzed. Some specific features of the species composition of ichthyofauna in technogenic pond biocenoses were revealed.     

铀尾矿库地下水污染风险评价方法研究

针对尾矿库中铀对地下水的污染风险,通过选取污染物废液产生量、污染毒性、污染物迁移性和场地运行时间4个污染源特征指标建立污染源荷载风险评价体系,并采用层次分析法确定权重,再结合地下水的固有脆弱性评价,用两者风险等级相叠加的方法划分出5种地下水污染风险等级。同时,以某铀尾矿区为例进行地下水污染风险评价,结果表明该地区地下水污染风险级别为中低风险等级。