水泥基压电传感器在交通量监测中的应用:(2)现场试验(英文)

介绍了一套基于耐久性好、价格低廉及全天候运行的水泥基压电传感器的交通量监测系统。首先将两个水泥基压电传感器埋入一段混凝土梁的两端,以此梁作为埋入路面下的传感单元。再将4根测试好的混凝土梁埋入一条车道的两道沟槽内,每道槽内放入两根。系统运行时通过传感器数据分析来计算交通流量,即以测试信号中的峰值个数计算车辆数,以传感器的响应之和计算车重,并以两道沟内传感器响应的时间差及距离计算车速。其后通过已知重量的卡车进行传感系统现场标定。目前,该套系统已经成功安装到一座高速公路桥梁中,且运行顺利。通过与视频监测结果的对比表明,该系统能够准确的获得车流量、车辆速度以及近似重量。进而可见,该水泥基压电传感器在交通量监测中是有效的。     

水泥基压电传感器在交通量监测中的应用:(1)基本特性(英文)

交通量监测在公路管理养护系统中有着重要的作用。为此,一种用于监测交通量的新型水泥基压电传感器得以开发研制。该传感器能够响应由于车辆所引起的冲击荷载,而且具有耐久性好、价格低廉及全天候运行等优点。本文介绍了该传感器的制作及其基本性质。并将两个水泥基压电传感器埋置于一段混凝土梁中,以该梁作为埋入路面以下的传感单元。对该梁的测试实验表明,埋入混凝土梁的水泥基压电传感的性能没有发生变化,仍可以正确地反应各类冲击荷载。由此可见,该水泥基压电传感器对交通量的监测应用中是行之有效的。     

循环经济发展中的物质代谢分析

介绍了循环经济发展过程中物质代谢系统边界的确定、代谢主体的认定、物质流的组成,分析了单位产值物质需求量、人均物质消耗强度和物质生产力等物质代谢效率的评价指标,探讨了物质代谢调控对象和手段,提出了当前循环经济理论研究应该从物质代谢入手,从产品的整个生命周期来研究经济系统与生态环境之间的物质流动规律,以形成闭合的物料循环系统。     

地表水污染物排放总量分配方法

本文依据容量总量控制和目标总量控制相结合。总量控制与浓度控制相结合,公平分配,水体自净容量合理利用等原则。以技术先进性、管理和经济可行性相统一为出发点,对水质功能区内水污染物允许负荷量,排污量允许排污量的分配方法进行探讨。     

有毒物冲击负荷对厌氧折流板反应器的影响

在16.2L厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）中,以五氯酚钠配水进行了毒物冲击负荷试验当进水COD为1100～1200mg/L,HRT为24h时,连续两大投加五氯酚钠 17.72、17.48mg/L,再以 1～2mg/L连续进水结果表明,ABR具有较强的抗毒物冲击自助,反应器后段 COD去除率在第6d可基本恢复到冲击前水平,整个系统活性恢复约需4周仲击负荷后系统微生物依次经历明显被抑制的阶段及其代谢活性恢复的阶段用COD去除率比值和COD_vfa与COD_filt值可以表征系统恢复的历程     

SBR法处理垃圾填埋场新鲜渗滤液的实验研究

采用SBR渐减曝气工艺处理模拟城市生活垃圾填埋场新鲜渗滤液,实验研究了反应器运行条件与出水水质的关系及有机碳的转移规律。研究结果表明新鲜渗滤液经24h曝气处理后,出水COD浓度约为500mg/L,BOD5/COD降为014左右;出水COD浓度与容积负荷无明显相关性;COD去除率与容积负荷呈正比,并在容积负荷为50kgCOD/m3·d时达到最高,约95%;去除的有机碳气相转化率与容积负荷呈正比,在容积负荷为50kgCOD/m3·d时,有机碳气相转化率接近100%;该系统最高容积负荷为50kgCOD/m3·d,相应的污泥浓度(以混合液悬浮性挥发固体(MLVSS)计)为712g/L。     

FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE AND TRANSPORT IN A LARGE MIDWESTERN RIVER BASIN1

ABSTRACT: Several factors affect the occurrence and transport of pesticides in surface waters of the 29,400 km² White River Basin in Indiana. A relationship was found between pesticide use and the average annual concentration of that pesticide in the White River, although this relationship varies for different classes of pesticides. About one percent of the mass applied of each of the commonly used agricultural herbicides was transported from the basin via the White River. Peak pesticide concentrations were typically highest in late spring or early summer and were associated with periods of runoff following application. Concentrations of diazinon were higher in an urban basin than in two agricultural basins, corresponding to the common use of this insecticide on lawns and gardens in urban areas. Concentrations of atrazine, a corn herbicide widely used in the White River Basin, were higher in an agricultural basin with permeable, well‐drained soils, than in an agricultural basin with less permeable, more poorly drained soils. Although use of butylate and cyanazine was comparable in the White River Basin between 1992 and 1994, concentrations in the White River of butylate, which is incorporated into soil, were substantially less than for cyanazine, which is typically applied to the soil surface.     

高速铁路地基膨胀泥岩变形试验及计算研究

为研究某高铁地基膨胀泥岩在含水率和上覆荷载共同作用下的膨胀变形规律,通过室内试验和理论推导,分析地基膨胀泥岩的膨胀量随时间增长及含水率增加的变化规律.结果表明:无荷载地基膨胀泥岩的膨胀量随时间增加呈阶梯式持续增长趋势;有荷载地基膨胀泥岩的膨胀量在上覆荷载作用初期减小,然后随时间增加呈阶梯式增长趋势,膨胀变形结束时间约为...     

Special features of fish species composition and community structure in small rivers of the Udmurt Republic

The composition and species richness of ichthyofauna have been studied in 36 stretches of small rivers in the Udmurt Republic to estimate the dependence of species richness on the distance from the river source and the level and type of anthropogenic load. Some specific features of modification of the fish community structure under the influence of agriculture, urbanization, and industry (oil production) have been revealed. Basic trends in the change of dominant complexes of fish species with an increase in the distance from the river source are described for small rivers flowing in different natural and anthropogenic landscapes of the Udmurt Republic.     

苍山5.2级地震前后井水位固体潮加卸载响应比的短临异常变化

将尹祥础固体潮加卸载响应比的理论和方法引入到地下水位潮汐资料计算中,从岩石的应变与应力的非线性响应分析了井水位固体潮加卸载响应比的物理机理,从理论上论证可以应用地下水位观测资料来计算加卸载响应比,并研究出利用地下水位对固体潮响应来计算加卸载响应比的方法。以此方法计算了山东省莒南井（Ｌｕ １４井）水位的固体潮加卸载响应比,分析了１９９５年苍山５２级地震前后井水位固体潮加卸载响应比的短临异常变化。