倒计时信号灯绿灯间隔时间设置研究

就保障倒计时信号交叉口交通安全而言,适当设置倒计时信号灯绿灯间隔时间具有重要意义。选择南京一个道路交叉口,利用交通冲突理论,分析产生严重交通冲突的条件,考虑车流不饱和与饱和2种情况,得到在不发生严重交通冲突条件下的绿灯间隔时间,并通过实例说明。研究结果显示,在车流饱和状态下,头车与尾车均为大车时,头车以初速度零开始加速进入交叉口时绿灯间隔时间应最短;在不饱和状态下,头车与尾车均为大车时,头车以一定速度通过交叉口时绿灯间隔时间应最长;车流饱和时绿灯间隔时间应较短,车流不饱和时绿灯设置间隔时间应较长。     

Risk analysis and assessment methodologies in the work sites: On a review, classification and comparative study of the scientific literature of the period 2000-2009

The objective of this work is to determine and study, analyze and elaborate, classify and categorize the main risk analysis and risk-assessment methods and techniques by reviewing the scientific literature. The paper consists of two parts: a) the investigation, presentation and elaboration of the main risk-assessment methodologies and b) the statistical analysis, classification, and comparative study of the corresponding scientific papers published by six representative scientific journals of Elsevier B.V. covering the decade 2000-2009. The scientific literature reviewing showed that the risk analysis and assessment techniques are classified into three main categories: (a) the qualitative, (b) the quantitative, and (c) the hybrid techniques (qualitative-quantitative, semi-quantitative). The qualitative techniques are based both on analytical estimation processes, and on the safety managers-engineers ability. According to quantitative techniques, the risk can be considered as a quantity, which can be estimated and expressed by a mathematical relation, under the help of real accidents’ data recorded in a work site. The hybrid techniques, present a great complexity due to their ad hoc character that prevents a wide spreading. The statistical analysis shows that the quantitative methods present the highest relative frequency (65.63%) while the qualitative a lower one (27.68%). Furthermore the hybrid methods remain constantly at a very low level (6.70%) during the entire processing period.     

手动加煤燃煤机在倒焰窑烟尘治理中的应用

燃煤型倒焰窑排放的烟法浓度高，处理难度大，已成为大气治理中的新热点。采用实用新型燃煤机，改变煤的燃烧方式使其完全燃烧，从而使燃煤烟气污染得到有效的控制达标排放并节约能源。     

小样本感度试验方法

提出了一种用于炸药及火工品感度试验的小样本方法。此方法较之传统的Ｂｒｕｃｅｔｏｎ升降法（估计方差一般需要３０ 个以上的试件,而且估计出的方差往往偏小）,可以在少于３０ 个试件的小样本的条件下,对方差进行估计,而且估计精度高。建立了高置信度、高可靠度的Ｐ发火刺激量置信限公式,该公式可以综合利用当前试验数据和以往经验数据,从而仅需少量当前试验,便可达到Ｂｒｕｃｅｔｏｎ 升降法采用３０ 个以上试件方能达到的精度,大大节省了试验的费用及时间。大量的ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ 模拟试验及实例分析都进一步证明了上述结论。     

一种分离式可降温安全帽设计

为了解决高温作业环境下安全帽内部微环境积热严重问题,运用ANSYS软件模拟分析了安全帽内部微环境积热的空间和时间分布情况。基于模拟结果,设计了一款分离式可降温安全帽,其由帽体、喷嘴、风管、风机和开关组成。在高温高湿环境下,模拟人员分别佩戴在帽衬带上装有温度传感器的普通安全帽和分离式可降温安全帽进行剧烈运动模拟高温作业人员高强度劳动,记录其温度变化。结果表明:分离式可降温安全帽有良好的降温效果,同时具有不破坏安全帽的结构和强度,几乎不增加安全帽重量,无噪声、无电磁辐射,拆装简便等优点。     

萧山市羽绒行业污染源调查与排污系数的确定

通过对萧山市羽绒行业中典型企业－－浙江三弘国际羽绒有限公司排放废水的监测分析,计算其羽绒废水中各污染物的排放量,由此确定羽绒行业污染物排放系数和排污总量,为污染物排放总量的控制管理提供了有效依据。     

喷嘴夹持及升降调节安全自动操作装置的研究与设计

介绍了喷嘴实验室的发展情况和武钢技术中心喷嘴试验室建设要求 ,进行了喷嘴夹持及升降调节安全自动操作装置的方案选择、结构设计及主要几何计算 ,分析了它的特点     

新型航空装备研制风险的管理与控制研究

为了有效管控航空装备研制的风险,在分析航空装备研制风险管理内涵并构建航空装备研制风险闭环控制流程的基础上,采取分解新型战斗机关键技术的方法,系统地辨识了装备研制的危险源;通过考虑多种技术风险后果及其影响权重,对传统的风险矩阵进行了改进,得到了航空装备研制风险计算模型,最后给出了航空装备研制风险的预警流程,为新型航空装备...     

Evaluating weather effects on interannual variation in net ecosystem productivity of a coastal temperate forest landscape: A model intercomparison

Forest productivity is strongly affected by seasonal weather patterns and by natural or anthropogenic disturbances. However weather effects on forest productivity are not currently represented in inventory-based models such as CBM-CFS3 used in national forest C accounting programs. To evaluate different approaches to modelling these effects, a model intercomparison was conducted among CBM-CFS3 and four process models (ecosys, CN-CLASS, Can-IBIS and 3PG) over a 2500 ha landscape in the Oyster River (OR) area of British Columbia, Canada. The process models used local weather data to simulate net primary productivity (NPP), net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and net biome productivity (NBP) from 1920 to 2005. Other inputs used by the process and inventory models were generated from soil, land cover and disturbance records. During a period of intense disturbance from 1928 to 1943, simulated NBP diverged considerably among the models. This divergence was attributed to differences among models in the sizes of detrital and humus C stocks in different soil layers to which a uniform set of soil C transformation coefficients was applied during disturbances. After the disturbance period, divergence in modelled NBP among models was much smaller, and attributed mainly to differences in simulated NPP caused by different approaches to modelling weather effects on productivity. In spite of these differences, age-detrended variation in annual NPP and NEP of closed canopy forest stands was negatively correlated with mean daily maximum air temperature during July-September (T_amax) in all process models (R² = 0.4-0.6), indicating that these correlations were robust. The negative correlation between T_amax and NEP was attributed to different processes in different models, which were tested by comparing CO₂ fluxes from these models with those measured by eddy covariance (EC) under contrasting air temperatures (T_a). The general agreement in sensitivity of annual NPP to T_amax among the process models led to the development of a generalized algorithm for weather effects on NPP of coastal temperate coniferous forests for use in inventory-based models such as CBM-CFS3: NPP′ = NPP − 57.1 (T_amax − 18.6), where NPP and NPP′ are the current and temperature-adjusted annual NPP estimates from the inventory-based model, 18.6 is the long-term mean daily maximum air temperature during July-September, and T_amax is the mean value for the current year. Our analysis indicated that the sensitivity of NPP to T_amax was nonlinear, so that this algorithm should not be extrapolated beyond the conditions of this study. However the process-based methodology to estimate weather effects on NPP and NEP developed in this study is widely applicable to other forest types and may be adopted for other inventory based forest carbon cycle models.