方庄矿矿井水的综合治理方案

在全面分析矿井地质及水文地质资料的基础上,掌握矿井的水文地质条件,采取综合的治水方案,细化矿井井田的水文地质单元,针对不同水文地质条件的单元,分别采取了疏水降压、封堵加固、自然排放等治水措施,取得显著的经济效益.     

THE USE OF OVERWINTER DRAW DOWN FOR AQUATIC VEGETATION MANAGEMENT1

ABSTRACT: Overwinter draw down can be a useful technique for aquatic plant management. Its effectiveness depends largely on the susceptibility of nuisance species to draw down. A single overwinter draw down provided good control of aquatic plants in a flowage dominated by Potamogeton robbinsii Little additional control was gained by a second draw down the following winter. Rapid reinvasion of plants after draw down ceased dictates continued management. To avoid fish kills caused by low dissolved oxygen levels caution is advised when using overwinter draw down. The growth of Zizania aquatica was not negatively influenced by draw down. The influence on water quality of nutrient release from decaying vegetation and exposed bottom sediments was uncertain.     

概率法计算不同下沉深度下凹绿地蓄水效率的研究

作为一种简单而实用的城市雨水渗蓄技术,下凹绿地具有削减洪峰流量、截留滞纳雨水的功能.结合天津市多年降雨统计资料,采用概率分析方法,探讨下凹绿地的蓄渗效率.结果表明:在绿地率为30％左右的条件下,即使是在土壤稳渗系数相对较低的地区开发下凹绿地,下挖深度只要满足60 mm,开发后的下凹绿地的渗蓄效率都可达到95％.但下凹深度超过100 mm后,随下凹深度继续增加而提高的渗蓄效率不足5％.考虑到建设成本和收益比等因素,建议天津市修建下凹绿地的深度范围为60 mm～100 mm.     

Canadian Innovations in Siting Hazardous Waste Management Facilities

/ Siting hazardous waste facilities is an extremely complex and difficult endeavor. Public aversion to the construction of these facilities in or near their community often results in concerted opposition, referred to as the NIMBY syndrome. For the most part, siting processes do not fail because of inadequate environmental or technical considerations, but because of the adversarial decision-making strategies employed by the proponents. Innovative siting processes used in the provinces of Alberta and Manitoba offer tangible evidence of the successful application of an innovative siting approach based on the principles of decentralization of decision-making authority and full and meaningful public involvement. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate four Canadian siting processes from the perspective of public participation and access to decision-making authority. Examples of siting processes related to hazardous waste management facilities are provided from the provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, British Columbia, and Ontario. Siting has evolved from approaches dominated by top-down decision making to increasing decentralized and pluralistic approaches. Focusing on social and political concerns of potentially affected communities and on the process of decision making itself are fundamental to achieving siting success. In Alberta initially, and later in Manitoba, this new "open approach" to siting has resulted in the construction of the first two comprehensive hazardous waste treatment facilities in Canada.KEY WORDS: Hazardous waste facilities; Siting methodologies; Public participation     

利用排污审计法降低腈纶溶剂消耗

以腈纶装置溶剂为例，详细介绍了利用排污审计法降低物料消耗的过程，从环境保护角度为降低物料提供一种方法。     

井下作业废水处理的试验研究

油田开发过程中,井下作业工艺尤为复杂,施工类型繁多,容易发生各种污染。针对压裂施工排出井管返出液的特点,重点提出利用絮凝-隔油法,之后再用次氯酸钠结合紫外光对废水进行深度处理,可氧化分解难处理的部分高分子有机化合物的污染。结果表明:在适宜的处理条件下,该法可有效去除水中CODCr 和Oil ,去除率分别为98.9％、98.3％。     

大学生"回炉"现象的理论思考与分析——生态位在大学生"回炉"现象中的应用

着重结合生态学中“生态位“这一概念通过理论分析阐述出生态位重叠使大学毕业生失去竞争优势,实然生态位与应然生态位的差距造成了“回炉“现象的出现.     

Building capacity through action research: reflections on working with low-carbon communities in the UK

This paper describes a four-year programme of “action research” (AR) undertaken with six communities in the UK, referred to as the Evaluating Low-Carbon Communities (EVALOC) project. The research combined a programme of research events with phased household-level monitoring of energy and carbon-reduction interventions. The carbon-reduction interventions were funded by the UK’s Department of Energy and Climate Change prior to the onset of the research. AR has recently been adopted within the context of environmental behaviour change programmes in the UK, with a number of methodological challenges. The EVALOC project’s challenges included developing a collaborative research design; building reciprocity between the researchers and research participants; dealing with biases and burdens in the research process; ensuring analytical rigour in the interpretation of the primarily qualitative evidence and dealing with the long-term and process-driven outcomes that arise from such interactions. This paper explores and discusses the challenges of AR in relation to selected research outcomes from EVALOC. We conclude by suggesting that the AR approach has helped to build capacity in the participating low-carbon communities (LCCs), through supporting the design, delivery and evaluation of their energy and carbon-reduction activities.     

Spatial disaggregation of traffic emission inventories in large cities using simplified top–down methods

Simple, inexpensive and accurate methods for assessing the spatial distribution of traffic emissions are badly needed for the environmental management in South American cities. In this study, various spatial disaggregation methods of traffic emissions of carbon monoxide are presented and evaluated for a large city (Santiago de Chile). Previous methods have used a simplified road network as a proxy for deriving spatial patterns of emissions. However, these approaches resulted in underestimation of emissions in urban centers, industrial zones and highly loaded roads, as well as overestimation in residential zones. Here we modify these methods by adding data correlated with the emissions (e.g. traffic counts, vehicles mean speed, road capacity) solving partially or completely the indicated problems. After an accuracy-simplicity analysis two methodologies stand out over the others: using traffic count classification and using a land use map, both combined with a simplified road network. Both are top–down approaches that correlate well (0.9) with the reference emissions and capture emission peaks (within 30% relative error). Hence the proposed changes allow an improved balance between accuracy and costs (monetary, availability of data and time to obtain data).     

严控污染下乡 加强农村环境保护

污染下乡作为伴随城市化和工业化快速发展中出现的新问题,给农村环境带来了较大威胁。本文结合实地调研,分析了污染下乡给农村环境带来的影响,探究了当前污染下乡日趋严重的根源,并从严控污染下乡的视角,尝试提出了加强农村环境保护的对策建议。