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961.
962.
963.
Karel De Greef Frans Stafleu Carolien De Lauwere 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2006,19(1):57-66
Public debate on acceptable farm animal husbandry suffers from a confusion of tongues. To clarify positions of various stakeholder
groups in their joint search for acceptable solutions, the concept of animal welfare was split up into three notions: no suffering,
respect for intrinsic value, and non-appalling appearance of animals. This strategy was based on the hypothesis that multi-stakeholder
solutions should be based on shared values rather than on compromises. The usefulness of such an artificial value distinction
strategy was tested in a small series of experiments. The results demonstrate that the chosen concept to distinguish between
values is effective in a stakeholder context. Farmers’ views on doing good to animals appeared to be largely based on their
value to prevent suffering and predominantly focused on the provision of regular care. Their priority for this value is clearly
shared with other stakeholders, providing a basis for joint solutions. The concept of intrinsic value does not play a discernable
role in farmers’ considerations. Based on the varying views on welfare, it can be inferred that there is a gradual rather
than a principal difference between government legislation and farmers’ values, whereas public perception and acceptance of
farm practices remains complicated. Distinction between value groups and focusing on a selected notion (such as no suffering)
proved to be effective in bringing representatives of stakeholder groups together, but is unlikely to bridge the emotional
gap between commercial farm practices and public ideals. 相似文献
964.
965.
综掘工作面卸压槽防突措施试验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
蔡成功 《中国安全科学学报》2004,14(4):83-85
通过对卸压槽防突机理的系统分析 ,研制了直接利用掘进机自身动力驱动和控制开挖连续卸压槽装置 ,进行了水平槽、两帮竖槽开挖工艺试验 ,成功地开挖出连续卸压槽 ,对卸压槽的瓦斯排放效果、有效排放半径进行了考察。试验结果表明 ,卸压槽有效地消除了激发突出的应力 ,排放了煤体中的瓦斯 ,增大了煤体抑制突出的阻力 ,很好地起到了综合防突的作用。 相似文献
966.
江苏省自然资源核算及对GDP的修正—以水、大气资源为例 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
传统国民经济核算体系对资源环境的忽视是造成当今资源环境问题的主要经济学原因,对江苏省自然资源(以水、大气资源为例)核算的结果表明,以GDP为主要衡量指标的传统国民经济核算体系过高地估计了江苏经济增长水平,江苏经济增长存在着较为严重的环境负债,以经资源环境调整的绿色GDP(或称EDP)取代传统GDP,构建可持续发展衡量指标与核算体系,应是目前可持续发展工作的关键。 相似文献
967.
Philipp Balzer Klaus Peter Rippe Peter Schaber 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2000,13(1):7-27
The 1992 incorporation of an article by referendum in the SwissConstitution mandating that the federal government issue regulations onthe use of genetic material that take into account the dignity ofnonhuman organism raises philosophical questions about how we shouldunderstand what is meant by ``the dignity of nonhuman animals,' andabout what sort of moral demands arise from recognizing this dignitywith respect to their genetic engineering. The first step in determiningwhat is meant is to clarify the difference between dignity when appliedto humans and when applied to nonhumans. Several conceptions of humandignity should be rejected in favor of a fourth conception: the rightnot to be degraded. This right implies that those who have it have thecognitive capacities that are prerequisite for self-respect. In the caseof nonhuman organisms that lack this capacity, respecting their dignityrequires the recognition that their inherent value, which is tied totheir abilities to pursue their own good, be respected. This value isnot absolute, as it is in the case of humans, so it does not prohibitbreeding manipulations that make organisms more useful to humans. But itdoes restrict morally how sentient animals can be used. In regard togenetic engineering, this conception requires that animals be allowedthe uninhibited development of species specific functions, a positionshared by Holland and Attfield, as opposed to the Original Purposeconception proposed by Fox and the Integrity of the Genetic Make-upposition proposed by Rolston. The inherent value conception of dignity,as here defended, is what is meant in the Swiss Constitution article. 相似文献
968.
Robert Heeger 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2000,13(1-2):43-51
The Swiss expert report suggests that the inherent dignity of a living being be identified with its inherent value. But the
phrase “inherent value of a living being” seems to connote two concepts of inherent value. One has a morally obligating character
but is counterintuitive because of its egalitarianism. The other is one of non-moral value. It is more compatible with considered
intuitions but insufficient for substantiating the expert report’s claim that human beings have moral duties towards animals
and plants. The paper discusses these concepts. Consideration is then given to the problem of how discursive support can be
generated for the expert report’s claim that human beings have the moral duty to abstain from impairing those functions and
abilities of a non-human being that members of its species as a rule can practice. 相似文献
969.
论述通过对脉冲布袋除尘器清灰电磁阀进行分组来降低脉冲布袋除尘器由可编程控制器(PLC)构成控制系统的造价的一种方法. 相似文献
970.
根据天地生相互作用原理 ,重点介绍了森林火灾重灾年景长期预测的一般方法和基本结构──多模式、多规则、开放性的树状结构体系 ,揭示这种结构的合理性和推广价值 相似文献