Physical and Economic Sustainability of Water: New Approach Using the Case of the Big Lost River,Idaho

A new approach for evaluating water sustainability is introduced by comparing physical and economic sustainability. To achieve physical sustainability, water should be available in sufficient quantity and of good quality and used efficiently. The economic sustainability can be achieved by balancing between costs and values of water. The objectives of this study were to estimate the physical and economic sustainability of surface water in the Big Lost River, south–central Idaho. The study used a Bayesian network by building a graphical diagram of nodes representing all significant variables related with the sustainability, such as water demand, water quality, and the different costs and values of water. The study showed that the likelihood of the physical sustainability is less than that of the economic sustainability, which is attributed to the scarcity of water in the Big Lost River. Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue.     

基于生命经济价值理论的生产安全分析

随着经济的发展，我国生产安全问题越来越受到人们的重视。本文从生命经济价值理论出发，分析了当前我国生产安全事故多发的内在原因并提出了相应的政策建议。生命是有经济价值的，同时生命的经济价值是可以衡量的。我国现在的生产安全水平较低的主要原因是工人的生命价值较低而且发展不平衡。由于企业对伤亡员工的生命经济价值的补偿占企业因生产安全事故产生的经济损失的主要部分，员工生命价值的提高会促使企业增加对预防安全事故的经济投入，从而提高企业的安全生产水平。     

安全工程高等教育人才培养模式的探讨

安全工程高等教育人才培养以开设学校的相关专业背景为其专业基础,以学校隶属的行业为依托,已形成了多种培养模式,适应面不宽,行业背景强的安全工程专业人才培养格局.这种培养模式已影响了安全工程专业和学科的发展,而且其培养人才的知识结构不能满足社会需求.如何培养能适应现代科学技术进步、满足社会发展需要的安全科学专门人才,是安全工程高等教育发展所必须考虑的问题.本文对安全工程高等教育的培养目标、专业方向、人才培养模式等相关问题进行了探讨,其目的是统一和完善安全工程高等教育人才培养计划,促进安全工程高等教育的发展,培养适应社会发展需要的人才.     

煤矿安全投入资金管理模式研究

通过分析目前企业资金的管理模式,运用层次分析法选择了适合煤矿安全投入资金管理的资金管理模式.为了保证煤矿安全投入资金管理模式切实应用到煤矿安全管理中,提出了进行安全投入资金的管理立法的观点.     

旅游资源多维价值的生态探悉

旅游资源的经济价值已得到广泛、深入的认识和挖掘，为旅游资源价值评价及其开发保护提供了借鉴。从生态角度探讨了旅游资源所具有的生产价值、服务价值、协调价值、承载价值、信息价值，对旅游资源自身的多维价值展开了相应分析，力图使旅游资源价值得到全面揭示和拓展。     

资源驱动型旅游地中心城市形象研究——以黄山市屯溪区为例

资源驱动型旅游地中心城市是我国普遍存在的一种旅游城市类型，但对这类城市形象的研究相对较少。以黄山市屯溪区为例，在感知形象测度的基础上，利用定性与定量方法论结合分析其感知形象现状和问题，并提出解决方案，总结出该类型城市在形象建设中应当注意的四对矛盾。     

生态旅游资源利用与保护主体行为的博弈分析

生态旅游资源的利用与保护过程是相关利益主体间利益协调和行为协作的博弈过程。本文通过对生态旅游资源相关利益者利益问题的博弈分析，阐释了利益主体对资源过度利用及保护不力的动因，分析了如何建立一种利益主体之间的利益博弈规则，并使它在一定条件下成为各利益主体能够共同自觉遵守和自我实施的一种内生的资源有效利用和保护制度。     

A Simple Value-Distinction Approach Aids Transparency in Farm Animal Welfare Debate

Public debate on acceptable farm animal husbandry suffers from a confusion of tongues. To clarify positions of various stakeholder groups in their joint search for acceptable solutions, the concept of animal welfare was split up into three notions: no suffering, respect for intrinsic value, and non-appalling appearance of animals. This strategy was based on the hypothesis that multi-stakeholder solutions should be based on shared values rather than on compromises. The usefulness of such an artificial value distinction strategy was tested in a small series of experiments. The results demonstrate that the chosen concept to distinguish between values is effective in a stakeholder context. Farmers’ views on doing good to animals appeared to be largely based on their value to prevent suffering and predominantly focused on the provision of regular care. Their priority for this value is clearly shared with other stakeholders, providing a basis for joint solutions. The concept of intrinsic value does not play a discernable role in farmers’ considerations. Based on the varying views on welfare, it can be inferred that there is a gradual rather than a principal difference between government legislation and farmers’ values, whereas public perception and acceptance of farm practices remains complicated. Distinction between value groups and focusing on a selected notion (such as no suffering) proved to be effective in bringing representatives of stakeholder groups together, but is unlikely to bridge the emotional gap between commercial farm practices and public ideals.     

国外农业保险模式概述

分别介绍了美国、日本、法国、俄罗斯和一些发展中国家的农业保险发展模式,剖析了这些国家农业保险模式的特点,并将农业保险与其特定的经济环境和社会背景相联系,为政府扶持农业保险发展提供政策支持。这些对探讨我国农业保险的发展,有一定的借鉴意义。     

综掘工作面卸压槽防突措施试验研究

通过对卸压槽防突机理的系统分析 ,研制了直接利用掘进机自身动力驱动和控制开挖连续卸压槽装置 ,进行了水平槽、两帮竖槽开挖工艺试验 ,成功地开挖出连续卸压槽 ,对卸压槽的瓦斯排放效果、有效排放半径进行了考察。试验结果表明 ,卸压槽有效地消除了激发突出的应力 ,排放了煤体中的瓦斯 ,增大了煤体抑制突出的阻力 ,很好地起到了综合防突的作用。