活性污泥缺氧转化1-2-7-三氨基-8-羟基-3-6-萘二磺酸

1—2-7-三氨基-8-羟基-3—6-萘二磺酸（TAHNDS）作为偶氮染料的脱色产物很难被常规的厌氧-好氧染料废水处理工艺所去除。研究了未经驯化的活性污泥对TAHNDS的缺氧转化效果。结果表明,只有在特定的缺氧条件下（ORP在-50～-150mV之间）,TAHNDS才能被活性污泥所降解转化。当浓度在10—80mg／L范围内,TAHNDS可在72h内转化93％以上。加入100mg／L的硝酸盐和0．64mmol／L的氧化还原介体蒽醌-2-磺酸钠（AQS）可将40mg／L的TAHNDS的转化时间从84h缩短到36h。光谱及HPLC—MS分析表明,TAHNDS在缺氧条件下主要是通过脱氨基和脱磺酸作用生成已知可好氧生物降解的3,5-二氨基4-羟基萘-2-磺酸。因此,缺氧处理有望作为预处理工艺促进废水中TAHNDS的完全降解。     

高压脉冲放电等离子体处理活性红X-3B染料废水

采用高压脉冲放电等离子体技术对活性红X-3B染料废水进行处理,考察了废水电导率、脉冲电压、脉冲频率、针板间距以及曝气量对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,当废水电导率为200μS/cm、脉冲电压为34kV、脉冲频率为60Hz、针板间距为15mm、曝气量为12L/h、处理时间为60m in时,活性红X-3B染料废水脱色率能达到98.6%。     

壳聚糖/纳米CdS复合颗粒可见光光催化降解猩红B动力学研究

采用仿生矿化法制备了壳聚糖/纳米CdS复合颗粒光催化剂,并用于可见光光催化降解猩红B染料模拟废水,研究了猩红B初始浓度、pH、催化剂投加量和催化剂重复使用次数等因素对猩红B光催化降解的影响.X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,壳聚糖能有效负载CdS纳米微晶.采用Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型描述壳聚糖/纳米CdS复合颗粒可见光光催化降解猩红B反应动力学行为,在猩红B初始质量浓度较低(≤20 mg/L)时,光催化降解过程符合假一级动力学方程.降低猩红B初始浓度和溶液pH都可显著增大光催化降解速率常数;催化剂投加量小于0.7 g/L时,光催化降解速率随其增加而增大,但催化剂投加量过大会使光催化降解速率减小;催化剂重复使用第5次时,猩红B光催化降解速率常数仍为第1次使用时的63.4%.     

Loofa egyptiaca as a novel adsorbent for removal of direct blue dye from aqueous solution

In this paper, Loofa egyptiaca (LE), an agricultural plant cultivated in Egypt, was used to prepare low-cost activated carbon (LE_C1 and LE_C2) adsorbents. The adsorbents (LE, LE_C1 and LE_C2) were evaluated for their ability to remove direct blue 106 dye from aqueous solutions. Batch mode experiments were conducted using various parameters such as pH, contact time, dye concentration and adsorbent concentration. The surface chemistry of LE, LE_C1 and LE_C2 was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental data were examined using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Harkins–Jura isotherms. The results showed that the adsorption of direct blue 106 was maximal at the lowest value of pH (pH = 2). Removal efficiency was increased with an increase in dye concentration and a decrease in amount of adsorbent. Maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 57.14, 63.3 and 73.53 mg/g for LE, LE_C1 and LE_C2 respectively. Kinetics were also investigated using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion models. The experimental data fitted very well with the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The results indicate that LE, LE_C1 and LE_C2 could be employed as adsorbents for the removal of direct blue dye from aqueous solutions.     

pH敏感性β-环糊精微球的制备及其吸附性能

采用反相微悬浮乳液聚合技术制备了β-环糊精(β-CD)微球,用丁二酸酐对β-CD微球进行化学改性,制备了pH敏感性β-CD(pH-β-CD)微球.通过傅里叶红外光谱仪和扫描电子显微镜对微球的结构、粒径和形貌进行了表征.探讨了亚甲基蓝模拟染料废水pH、吸附时间和微球加入量对亚甲基蓝吸附性能的影响.实验结果表明,在亚甲基蓝模拟染料废水pH为10.0、吸附时间为90 min的条件下,当pH-β-CD微球加入量为50 mg时,pH-β-CD微球吸附量为16.1 mg/g;当pH-β-CD微球加入量为250 mg时,pH-β-CD微球对亚甲基蓝的脱色率达96.2%.     

A study on genotoxicity of textile dyeing industry effluents from Rajshahi,Bangladesh, by the Allium cepa test

Textile dye effluents are believed to be toxic as they might exert various harmful effects on living organisms including genotoxicity. These effluents are the main source of direct and continuous input of pollutants into the aquatic ecosystems. In this study, dye effluents from a local silk dyeing industry were analysed for their genotoxic potential by the Allium cepa genotoxicity test. The A. cepa test is characterised as a genotoxicity test where the roots of A. cepa are grown in different concentrations of the test material. The macroscopic results clearly showed that the toxicity of the dye effluents prompted A. cepa root growth inhibition, and this effect increased with higher concentrations of the effluents. At the cellular level, no dividing cells were found at higher concentrations such as 60%, 80% and 100% of the effluents. However, at a lower concentration of 20%, dividing cells were identified, although the mitotic index was much lower than that of the control. Microscopic analysis showed that the dye effluents induced chromosomal aberrations at significant levels. Taken together, these results revealed that the textile dyeing industry effluents are toxic to eukaryotic cells and these dyes have genotoxic properties that can potentially lead to cancer development and adverse health conditions.     

粉煤灰负载铁离子催化氧化活性黄染料废水

以粉煤灰为载体,制备铁/粉煤灰负载型催化剂,并利用该催化剂催化H2O2氧化降解活性黄染料废水,探讨了H2O2投加量、催化剂投加量、染料初始浓度和初始pH值等因素对染料废水COD去除率和脱色率的影响。结果表明,当染料废水COD初始浓度为200 mg/L,初始pH值为1.7,投加0.5 g/100 mL催化剂及加入1.0 mL浓度为1.13 mol/L的H2O2溶液时,处理效果最好,此时染料废水的COD去除率和脱色率分别达到63%和99%,并且废水的可生化性得到很大的提高。利用该负载催化剂能够有效地减少活性黄染料废水中Fe3+的残留量。     

零价铁复合有机膨润土处理染料废水的研究

针对目前印染废水处理现状及膨润土在水处理中回收困难等问题,提出将零价铁复合到有机膨润土中制成零价铁复合有机膨润土(ZVI-OB),以达到高效吸附并降解污染物的目的。以染料废水(Orange II) 作为研究对象,考察了废水中染料的初始浓度、pH以及吸附时间对ZVI-OB去除染料效率的影响,并研究了吸附后降解过程中时间和pH对污染物降解的影响以及降解前后膨润土层结构的变化。研究结果表明,ZVI-OB相对于CTMAB改性的有机膨润土而言,其吸附量有所降低,但ZVI-OB在吸附污染物之后能有效降解有机物。ZVI-OB在饱和吸附Orange II后经催化氧化,总有机碳含量降低为原来的19%,可以重复利用。     

ClO2氧化法预处理联苯胺类染料中间体废水

采用ClO₂氧化法预处理联苯胺类染料中间体生产废水,探讨了影响COD和联苯胺去除率的主要因素,并采用GC/MS技术对ClO₂氧化前后废水中的有机组分进行了分析。实验确定了较佳的工艺参数：ClO₂加入量为45~55 mg/L,ClO₂与联苯胺的化学计量比控制在（3.0~3.5）∶1,反应时间为 30~35 min。在此条件下,ClO₂氧化后出水中联苯胺去除率达到80%以上,联苯胺类污染物含量得到有效降低,废水BOD₅/COD由原水的0.18提高到0.40。该方法能提高废水的可生化性,是一种较好的生化预处理技术。     

Fenton试剂氧化法处理染料结晶废母液

采用Fenton试剂氧化法处理分散橙、分散紫和分散蓝3种染料结晶废母液。研究了H₂O₂加入量、n（H₂O₂）#x02236;n（Fe²⁺）和废母液pH对COD去除率或TOC去除率的影响。对TOC去除反应分段进行了动力学方程拟合,并探讨了反应机理。实验得到的分散橙、分散紫和分散蓝的废母液处理工艺条件：H₂O₂加入量分别为264.4,352.9,441.2mmol/L;n（H₂O₂）#x02236;n（Fe²⁺）分别为20,10,20;废母液pH=3。3种废母液在0~20min和20~120min两个阶段的反应与二级动力学拟合方程的相关性最好。3种废母液经Fenton试剂氧化处理后,部分有机物降解为小分子有机酸,部分有机物完全矿化。