甲胺磷农药污染对土壤动物影响的研究

应用甲胺磷农药对土壤动物进行污染模拟实验。结果表明,甲胺磷农药对土壤动物有明显影响,并随着甲胺磷溶液处理浓度的增加,土壤动物的种类和数量显著减少;多样性系数,高处理浓度时为３．７５９６,低处理浓度时为５．７９６２,对照组则为８．５７１４。大型土壤动物蚯蚓的染毒实验表明。甲胺磷对蚯蚓有明显的致死作用。     

蚯蚓及其在生态环境保护中的应用

蚯蚓是土壤生态系统中非常重要的生物类群.笔者从环境生态学角度简要介绍了蚯蚓的主要种类、蚯蚓生物学特性、蚯蚓与微生物的关系以及蚯蚓的资源化利用价值.蚯蚓在生态环境保护中重要而特殊的作用主要体现在其在固体废物处理、臭气净化、污水处理等方面的应用以及蚯蚓在环境监测中作为指示生物的重要价值.同时,提出了蚯蚓作为生物指示物进行环境监测的当务之急:应建立严格的标准化试验方法和科学的评价体系;应充分考虑环境条件、污染物的类型、蚓种及其生理状态对监测效用的影响;结合理化监测结果进行综合评价.      

外源污染物对蚯蚓毒理作用研究进展

以蚯蚓为模式生物,研究环境污染物的生物效应及其对土壤生态系统的影响,已成为国内外的研究热点.蚯蚓受到污染胁迫时,在分子、细胞和生理水平上都会发生明显的变化,进而影响其存活、生长和繁殖能力,最终引起种群及群落的变化.在总结国内外相关研究基础上,从微观水平、个体水平及生态水平3个方面综述和分析了重金属、农药等外源污染物对蚯蚓毒理作用的研究进展,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望.     

蚯蚓/铈锰改性生物炭对As污染红壤中细菌多样性和群落结构的影响

在明确铈锰改性生物炭(MBC)和赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia foetida)联合修复可有效固定红壤As的前提下,采用高通量测序技术,探讨MBC与赤子爱胜蚓联合作用对As污染红壤中细菌多样性和群落结构的影响.结果表明,蚯蚓与生物炭/MBC单一和联合处理中,细菌多样性指数均以单一蚯蚓处理下最高,而单一生物炭、MBC的施用均...     

添加牛粪对蚯蚓处理污泥的影响

采用4个相同的塑料装置,将等量的污泥、EM菌、蚯蚓及不同量的牛粪装入其中并混匀后,通过60 d的培养实验,借助对污泥含水率、pH、TP、TOC和TN的监测及蚯蚓生存状况的考察,探究添加牛粪对蚯蚓处理污泥的影响。结果表明:添加牛粪可以抑制污泥含水率的增加,但不同牛粪添加量对污泥含水率的影响无一定规律性;与初始TP相比,1#~4#中污泥TP增长率分别为81%、97%、56%和102%,除3#外,污泥TP增幅随牛粪添加量的增加而增大;因生物作用,1#~4#污泥TOC均呈下降趋势,1#~4#中污泥TOC分别下降了13.6%、22.4%、21.7%和16.1%;1#~4#污泥TN变化与牛粪添加量的变化之间无明显规律。污泥中添加牛粪,对蚯蚓健康有益。     

类二 多氯联苯对赤子爱胜蚓生理活性的影响

通过人工土壤法,研究0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000μg/kg类二 多氯联苯暴露浓度对赤子爱胜蚓 (Eisenia fetida)抗氧化酶(SOD酶、CAT酶和GST酶)、抗氧化分子(GSH)、氧化损伤物(MDA)等生理活性指标在第2, 7, 14, 28d时的影响.结果显示,类二 多氯联苯刺激赤子爱胜蚓生理活性显著增加(P<0.05),可诱导蚯蚓抗氧化系统应答启动;不同暴露时间下,受试物浓度与蚯蚓生理活性的相关性分析显示,蚯蚓不同生理活性指标对受试物的最佳响应时间不同, Cu-Zn SOD响应最早(7d), SOD, CAT, GSH, MDA次之(14d), GST响应最迟(28d);在最佳响应时间下,受试物暴露浓度对数与生理活性值对数均存在显著的剂量-效应关系(P <0.001)     

Augmentation of tribenuron methyl removal from polluted soil with Bacillus sp. strain BS2 and indigenous earthworms

Tribenuron methyl (TBM) is a member of the sulfonylurea herbicide family and is widely used worldwide. In this study, TBM-degrading bacteria were enriched with TBM as potential carbon, nitrogen or sulfur source, and 44 bacterial isolates were obtained. These isolates were phylogenetically diverse, and were grouped into 25 operational taxonomic units and 14 currently known genera. Three representatives, Bacillus sp. strain BS2, Microbacterium sp. strain BS3, and Cellulosimicrobium sp. strain BS11, were selected, and their growth and TBM removal from culture broth were investigated. In addition, indigenous earthworms were collected and applied to augment TBM degradation in lab-scale soil column experiments. Results demonstrated that Bacillus sp. strain BS2 and earthworms significantly increased TBM removal during soil column experiments.     

蚯蚓处理对城镇造粒污泥酸碱缓冲容量的影响

将含水率80%的城镇污泥制成粒径5 mm的颗粒污泥,以添加蚯蚓(Eisenia foetida)为处理组,无蚯蚓为对照组,研究了蚯蚓处理对城镇污泥酸缓冲容量(ABC)、碱缓冲容量(ALBC)、p H及p H缓冲容量(p HBC)的影响.结果表明,处理组p H变化幅度(0.37)低于对照组(0.60);随着处理时间的增加,处理组ABC、ALBC和p HBC显著高于对照组(p0.05);实验结束时,处理组ABC、ALBC和p HBC分别高于对照组5.24%、22.37%和13.01%,电导(EC)高于对照组32.24%,有机质低于对照组1.93%.相关分析表明,蚯蚓处理组和对照组中ALBC与NH+4-N、NO-3-N的相关系数大于0.84(p0.01);蚯蚓处理显著提高了ABC与NO-3、p HBC与NH+4-N、p HBC与NO-3-N之间的正相关水平.蚯蚓强化了系统中有机氮矿化,通过提高氨化及硝化强度影响基质缓冲容量,减小p H变化幅度,提高污泥酸碱环境的稳定性,为微生物作用的高效发挥提供了有利条件.     

Eco-toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil

Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) contaminated soil samples were collected from Shengli Oilfield of China. Toxicity analysis was carried out based on earthworm acute toxicity, plant growth experiment and luminescent bacteria test. The soil was contaminated bypetroleum hydrogcarbons with TPH concentration of 10.57%. With lethal and sub-lethal rate as endpoint, earthworm test showed that the LD50 (lethal dose 50%) values in 4 and 7 days were 1.45% and 1.37% respectively, and the inhibition rate of earthworm body weight increased with higher oil concentration. TPH pollution in the soil inhibited seed germination in both wheat and maize experiment when the concentration of petroleum was higher than 0.1%. The EC50 (e ective concentration 50%) for germination is 3.04% and 2.86% in maize and wheat, respectively. While lower value of EC50 for root elongation was to be 1.11% and 1.64% in maize and wheat, respectively, suggesting higher sensitivity of root elongation on petroleum contamination in the soil. The EC50 value in luminescent bacteria test was 0.47% for petroleum in the contaminated soil. From the experiment result, it was concluded that TPH content of 1.5% is considered to be a critical value for plant growth and living of earthworm and 0.5% will a ect the activity of luminescent bacteria.     

蚯蚓活动对锌污染土壤微生物群落结构及酶活性的影响

以不同质量分数Zn污染高沙土为材料,研究在重金属污染土壤中,蚯蚓活动对土壤微生物数量和各种酶活性的影响。试验结果表明:Zn的加入使土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶活性降低,而对磷酸酶活性没有影响,加Zn量在300mg·kg-1以下时对微生物量碳有促进作用,高于该水平则表现为抑制作用。接种蚯蚓后,土壤细菌和放线菌的群落数明显提高,除各别处理外均达到显著差异,真菌数量没有变化;土壤磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶等酶活性也因接种蚯蚓而显著提高(p<0.05),随土壤Zn污染质量分数变化,蚯蚓对三种酶活性的影响趋势不同。蚯蚓活动对土壤酶活性的提高一定程度上缓解了重金属对酶的抑制作用。试验结果还表明蚯蚓活动显著提高了各处理土壤的NO3--N含量,相关散点图显示NO3--N含量和植物地上部生物量,地上部Zn质量分数及植物地上部Zn吸收总量间都有明显相关性(r=0.517,r=0.532,r=0.607)。试验初步验证了蚯蚓对Zn污染土壤中微生物和酶活性的改善作用。