土壤中硝酸盐在非均匀电动力学作用下的迁移与转化

以传统的均匀电动力学方法为对照,研究了用非均匀电动力学方法控制土壤中硝酸盐迁移的可行性.结果表明:在外加电压梯度为1.0 V/cm时,受试土壤中NO₃^-在非均电动力学作用下的电迁移速率为13.5～20.0cm/d,并且迁移速率大小与NO₃^-浓度和场强分布有关;与均匀电动力学相比,非均电动力学方法更有利于土壤中NO₃^-向阳极区迁移,而且该方法对土壤性质影响更小,电能消耗更低;切换非均电动力学极性能促使土壤中NO₃^-转化为NO₂^-,并进一步降低系统的能耗,但不利于土壤中NO₃^-相对富集.     

Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of quinoline-contaminated soils

ABSTRACT

The aim of this investigation was to examine the ability of enhanced electrokinetic (EK) remediation to efficiently remove quinoline from contaminated kaolinite soils. In order to accomplish this, the effect of a voltage gradient and anode buffer concentration on migration of quinoline in kaolinite was determined. The results showed that EK transport process effectively stimulated desorption and movement of quinoline in kaolinite. The rate and distance of migration rose with increasing voltage gradient and anode buffer concentration under certain conditions. The mechanisms that drive quinoline migration by electrodynamic processes were established as attributed to either electromigration or electroosmosis, and both played key roles in driving quinoline to migrate towards the cathode.     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌对电动力处理城市污泥中重金属影响研究

分析了氧化亚铁硫杆菌对污泥中重金属形态及对电动力处理污泥中重金属的去除率影响.氧化亚铁硫杆菌处理后的污泥,pH值降低,部分重金属从稳定态转化为可溶态.经氧化亚铁硫杆菌预处理后的泥样和未经预处理的泥样,在同样条件下用电动力处理,处理结果为:预处理后Cd的去除率从61.85%上升到72.54%,Cu从34.26%上升到63.51%,Zn从65.06%上升到7L 22%.预处理对Cu的影响比Cd、Zn大得多.用电动力处理Cu超标污泥中重金属时,将污泥先用氧化亚铁硫杆菌预处理,可有效地提高其去除效果,处理后的污泥有利于农用.     

电动及其联用技术修复复合污染土壤的研究现状

电动修复技术是近年来发展起来的一种用于处理土壤污染的绿色技术,现已成为当前土壤修复研究领域的热点。综述了电动修复去除污染物的反应机理和优缺点,影响电动修复效率因素如土壤性质、电压梯度、电极材料、两极p H等,并总结了近年来治理重金属、有机物多类型复合污染土壤的电动修复及电动-淋洗、电动-生物、电动-超声、电动-PRB联合技术的研究进展,提出了此类技术的发展前景以及方向。     

重金属污染土壤的电动原位修复技术研究

电动力学修复技术作为一种新型的修复技术,由于其处理土壤污染的高效性,近几年来受到了越来越多的关注。综述了电动力学修复技术原理及近几年来其在重金属修复中的最新研究进展,阐述了电动力学修复技术相对于其它修复技术的优势,并指出了电动修复技术中需要克服的技术障碍,探讨了其大规模商业应用的可行性。电动技术能够强化土壤物质的传质过程,能够高效、快速定向迁移土壤中重金属离子达到去除的目的;同时电动技术可以与其它修复技术结合发展出系列组合修复技术,具有广泛的应用前景。从单一电动到复合电动是今后电动力学技术发展的重要方向。目前对污染物质复合电动力学效应下的迁移机理及模型、不同土壤性质(组分、酸碱性等)对于污染物质去除效率及其调控措施的研究仍需进一步深入。     

电动力学修复对沉积物理化性质的影响

以某化工厂排污沟渠中受六氯苯污染沉积物为对象,选用非离子表面活性剂OP-10为强化助剂,研究了电动力学修复后沉积物理化性质如pH、有机质含量、氧化还原电位、含水率和电导率变化情况。结果表明,电动力学处理13.5d后靠近阳极区域沉积物被酸化,而阴极区域被碱化;表面活性剂在沉积物上的吸附导致靠近阳极处有机质含量明显增加,其有机质含量最大增幅达到46%以上,而靠近阴极区域的有机质随电渗析流迁移使得其含量低于初始值;氧化还原电位与pH分布呈相反趋势;沉积物中含水率从阳极向阴极增大,靠近阴极处又降低;沉积物中大部分区域电导率值小于初始值。     

利用电动技术强化有机污染土壤原位修复研究

电动修复技术是近几年发展起来的一种新型土壤修复技术，由于其处理的高效性受到了越来越多的关注。本文介绍了利用电动技术强化土壤有机污染物原位修复的原理及其最新进展。电动强化有机物污染修复的基本原理是利用电动效应对有机物的迁移作用或者强化生物修复过程（注入营养物、电子受体和活性微生物等）达到去除污染物的目的。研究表明，该技术不破坏生态环境，安装操作简单成本低廉，具有广泛的应用前景，其中电动强化原位生物修复和能够适应于各种不同成分污染（如有机物重金属复合污染）的多技术联合是今后电动技术发展的重要方向。     

电动力学-新型竹炭联合作用下土壤镉的迁移吸附及其机理

研究了土壤中镉在均匀电动力学作用下的迁移特征及其影响因素,以及电场双向切换并加有新型竹炭材料条件下电动力学对镉的去除特性,揭示了利用均匀电动力学-新型竹炭材料联合修复镉污染土壤的特征及其可行性.结果表明,竹炭是一种良好的吸附材料,对镉具有较强的吸附作用,可以用 Freundlich和Langmuir模型很好的模拟吸附过程（R²>0.96）;在电压梯度为1.0 V/cm的条件下,受试土壤中Cd²⁺在均匀电动力学下的迁移速率为0.678 6～0.687 5　cm/h,并且迁移速率大小与Cd²⁺浓度和场强分布有关,电动力场可以有效地迁移土壤中的重金属离子;使用竹炭作为吸附剂的新型工艺中,在与速率实验相同的电压梯度,电场48　h的切换周期下,土壤中镉能够在电场作用下高效迁移至处理区并被吸附去除（12　d去除79.6%）,过程中可以很好地维持土壤的pH和水分条件,过程的电流随切换呈周期性的变化.电动迁移-竹炭吸附作为一种新型工艺具有广泛的应用前景.     

Electrokinetic remediation of organochlorines in soil: enhancement techniques and integration with other remediation technologies

Electrokinetic remediation has been increasingly used in soils and other matrices for numerous contaminants such as inorganic, organic, radionuclides, explosives and their mixtures. Several strategies were tested to improve this technology effectiveness, namely techniques to solubilize contaminants, control soil pH and also couple electrokinetics with other remediation technologies. This review focus in the experimental work carried out in organochlorines soil electroremediation, aiming to systemize useful information to researchers in this field. It is not possible to clearly state what technique is the best, since experimental approaches and targeted contaminants are different. Further research is needed in the application of some of the reviewed techniques. Also a number of technical and environmental issues will require evaluation for full-scale application. Removal efficiencies reported in real contaminated soils are much lower than the ones obtained with spiked kaolinite, showing the influence of other factors like aging of the contamination and adsorption to soil particles, resulting in important challenges when transferring technologies into the field.     

Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of chromium-contaminated soil using approaching anodes

As a new technology used for the cleaning of chromium-contaminated soil, worldwide interest in eletrokinetic (EK) remediation has grown considerably in recent times. However, owing to the fact that chromium exists as both cationic and anionic species in the soil, it is not an efficient method. This paper reports upon a study in which a process using approaching anodes (AAs) was used to enhance the removal efficiency of chromium by eletrokinetics. Two bench-scale experiments to remove chromium from contaminated soil were performed, one using a fixed anode (FA) and the other using AAs. In the AAs experiment, the anode moved toward the cathode by 7 cm every three days. After remediation, soil pH, total chromium, and fractionation of chromium in the soil were determined. The average removal efficiency of total chromium was 11.32% and 18.96% in the FA and AAs experiments, respectively. After remediation, acidic soil conditions throughout the soil were generated through the use of AAs, while 80% of the soil remained neutral or alkalic when using the FA approach. The acidic soil environment and high field intensity in the AAs experiment might have favored chromium desorption, dissolution and dissociation from the soil, plus the mobility of chromium in the soil was also enhanced. The results demonstrate that AAs used in the process of EK remediation can enhance the efficiency of chromium removal from soil.