含砷冶炼废渣高温烧结过程砷的迁移特性

研究了烧结温度和烧结时间对含砷冶炼废渣烧结过程中砷的迁移特性的影响。烧结条件为在10 MPa下加压成型,进空气流量为2 000 mL/min,烧结温度1 000～1 350℃,烧结时间5～120 min。结果表明,烧结过程中存在砷的挥发,但烧结前后砷的总量变化不大,砷的固化率均保持在90%以上。毒性浸出实验表明,不同的烧结条件对烧结体中砷的毒性浸出有重要的影响,从烧结体的环境安全性考虑,最佳的烧结温度和时间分别为1 200℃和45 min。     

面向矿山废弃地复垦的炉渣污泥人工土壤的理化特性

通过添加不同比例的燃煤电厂粉煤灰和炉渣对城市污泥进行钝化,配制成不同灰渣比例的人工土壤,对人工土壤的pH、电导率、养分含量、重金属含量以及持水、渗水性能进行了研究。结果表明,污泥人工土壤pH介于7.5～8.0之间,属于弱碱性土壤;电导率变化范围为2.93～3.71 mS/cm,表明盐分含量较高。污泥人工土壤中有效态养分含量随炉渣比例提高而增加,所有配比人工土壤有机质和有效磷、速效钾的含量达到高肥力水平。人工土壤中Cd、Ni、Pb、Cu、Zn含量均明显低于国家农用标准(GB 4284-84、GB 8173-87)。粉煤灰渣对污泥中有效态Cd、Ni、Pb和Cu有钝化作用,使其向无效态转化,对Zn则有活化作用。炉渣对Cd、Ni的钝化作用要优于粉煤灰,而粉煤灰对Pb、Cu的钝化作用要优于炉渣。添加炉渣提高了污泥人工土壤水分的蒸发量,减弱了人工土壤的持水能力,但加入炉渣使人工土壤的渗透系数显著增加,提高了其渗水性能。     

Changes in mineralogical and leaching properties of converter steel slag resulting from accelerated carbonation at low CO2 pressure

Steel slag can be applied as substitute for natural aggregates in construction applications. The material imposes a high pH (typically 12.5) and low redox potential (Eh), which may lead to environmental problems in specific application scenarios. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of accelerated steel slag carbonation, at relatively low pCO₂ pressure (0.2 bar), to improve the environmental pH and the leaching properties of steel slag, with specific focus on the leaching of vanadium. Carbonation experiments are performed in laboratory columns with steel slag under water-saturated and -unsaturated conditions and temperatures between 5 and 90 °C. Two types of steel slag are tested; free lime containing (K3) slag and K1 slag with a very low free lime content. The fresh and carbonated slag samples are investigated using a combination of leaching experiments, geochemical modelling of leaching mechanisms and microscopic/mineralogical analysis, in order to identify the major processes that control the slag pH and resulting V leaching. The major changes in the amount of sequestered CO₂ and the resulting pH reduction occurred within 24 h, the free lime containing slag (K3-slag) being more prone to carbonation than the slag with lower free lime content (K1-slag). While carbonation at these conditions was found to occur predominantly at the surface of the slag grains, the formation of cracks was observed in carbonated K3 slag, suggesting that free lime in the interior of slag grains had also reacted. The pH of the K3 slag (originally pH ± 12.5) was reduced by about 1.5 units, while the K1 slag showed a smaller decrease in pH from about 11.7 to 11.1. However, the pH reduction after carbonation of the K3 slag was observed to lead to an increased V-leaching. Vanadium leaching from the K1 slag resulted in levels above the limit values of the Dutch Soil Quality Decree, for both the untreated and carbonated slag. V-leaching from the carbonated K3 slag remained below these limit values at the relatively high pH that remained after carbonation. The V-bearing di-Ca silicate (C2S) phase has been identified as the major source of the V-leaching. It is shown that the dissolution of this mineral is limited in fresh steel slag, but strongly enhanced by carbonation, which causes the observed enhanced release of V from the K3 slag. The obtained insights in the mineral transformation reactions and their effect on pH and V-leaching provide guidance for further improvement of an accelerated carbonation technology.     

铬渣无害化处理技术研究进展

综述了铬渣无害化处理技术的研究进展,分析了各种技术在实际应用过程中的效果,指出各种处理技术的优缺点,详细介绍了固化法中水泥固化和药剂稳定化两种处理技术,提出开发重金属螯合剂是今后铬渣稳定化处理的研究方向.     

Preparation of glass-ceramics from molten steel slag using liquid-liquid mixing method

A novel approach to prepare glass-ceramics from molten steel slag (MSS) was proposed. In laboratory, the water-quenched steel slag was melted at 1350 °C to simulate the MSS. A mixture of additive powders in wt.% (55 quartz powder, 5 Na₂O, 16 emery powder, 15 CaO, 8 MgO, 1 TiO₂) were melted into liquid at 1350 °C separately. Then the MSS and the molten additives were mixed homogeneously in order to obtain parent glass melt. The proportion of MSS in the melt was 50 wt.%. The melt was subsequently cast, annealed, heat-treated and transformed into glass-ceramics. Their microstructure and crystallization behavior were analyzed. The samples exhibited excellent properties and displayed bulk crystallization. The major crystallized phase was diopside ((Fe_0.35Al_0.20Mg_0.44)Ca_0.96(Fe_0.08Si_0.70Al_0.20)₂O_6.12), which was uniformly distributed in the microstructure. The novel approach may help iron and steel industry achieve zero disposal of steel slag with utilization of the heat energy of the MSS.     

立式磨和袋式除尘器在矿渣粉磨系统中的应用

阐述了矿渣微粉的应用、粉磨工艺和设备现状,并对立式磨生产工艺、立式磨结构和工作原理、袋式除尘器结构和工作原理等进行了重点介绍,分析了工程应用实例,认为国产立式磨和袋式除尘器可为矿渣粉磨的节能减排提供可靠的技术和设备保障。     

安钢2 200 m3高炉INBA渣处理系统改造

2 200 m3高炉INBA渣处理系统由于工艺流程设计存在一些不合理,系统在运行过程中带泡沫渣的粒化水经溢流口大量外排,造成大量水资源浪费的同时也对附近的河道造成了污染.通过一系列的改造,解决了上述问题.     

利用磷渣熔制饰面玻璃

介绍了用磷渣熔饰面玻璃的试验过程。对试验中出现的工艺问题进行了探讨,并讨论经济效益进行了初步分析。     

用磷石膏制备建筑胶结料

介绍了利用化工副产品磷石膏和高炉矿渣制备建筑胶结料的方法。重点研究了磷石膏类胶结料的配比及性能。试验结果表明,将未经处理的磷石膏和磨细的高炉矿渣、碱性激发剂和早强剂按一定比较混合可以制备出抗压强度超过40MPa的建筑胶结料。     

Characteristics of element distributions in an MSW ash melting treatment system

Thermal treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) has become a common practice in waste volume reduction and resource recovery. For the utilization of molten slag for construction materials and metal recovery, it is important to understand the behavior of heavy metals in the melting process. In this study, the correlation between the contents of elements in feed materials and MSW molten slag and their distributions in the ash melting process, including metal residues, are investigated. The hazardous metal contents in the molten slag were significantly related to the contents of metals in the feed materials. Therefore, the separation of products containing these metals in waste materials could be an effective means of producing environmentally safe molten slag with a low hazardous metals content. The distribution ratios of elements in the ash melting process were also determined. The elements Zn and Pb were found to have a distribution ratio of over 60% in fly ash from the melting furnace and the contents of these metals were also high; therefore, Zn and Pb could be potential target metals for recycling from fly ash from the melting furnace. Meanwhile, Cu, Ni, Mo, Sn, and Sb were found to have distribution ratios of over 60% in the metal residue. Therefore, metal residue could be a good resource for these metals, as the contents of Cu, Ni, Mo, Sn, and Sb in metal residue are higher than those in other output materials.