煤矸石灰渣研制聚硅酸铝混凝剂及应用研究

利用煤矸石灰渣制取聚硅酸铝（PSA）混凝剂以及利用PSA混凝剂处理印染和钢厂除尘废水。实验表明,该混凝剂具有优良的除浊、除色、除SS性能。与常规混凝剂相比。PSA混凝剂的脱色率和SS去除率均提高20％～40％。综合考虑SS去除率、脱色率两方面因素,在处理废水时,选择pH值为6.0,沉降时间15～20min为最佳。本文还对PSA混凝剂的混凝脱色机理进行了初步探讨。     

Waste activated sludge hydrolysis and acidification: A comparison between sodium hydroxide and steel slag addition

Alkaline treatment with steel slag and NaOH addition were investigated under different pH conditions for the fermentation of waste activated sludge. Better performance was achieved in steel slag addition scenarios for both sludge hydrolysis and acidification. More solubilization of organic matters and much production of higher VFA (volatile fatty acid) in a shorter time can be achieved at pH 10 when adjusted by steel slag. Higher enzyme activities were also observed in steel slag addition scenarios under the same pH conditions. Phosphorus concentration in the supernatant increased with fermentation time and pH in NaOH addition scenarios, while in contrast most phosphorus was released and captured by steel slag simultaneously in steel slag addition scenarios. These results suggest that steel slag can be used as a substitute for NaOH in sludge alkaline treatment.     

铬渣中Cr(Ⅵ)制取铬黄颜料的资源化技术研究

用蒸馏水在直径52 mm和80 mm的有机玻管中淋浸风化铬渣,在渣水比为250 g/200mL、500 g/400 mL和750 g/600 mL的3种方案中,750 g/600 mL的效果最佳.在2种不同管径装置中,可分别得到Cr(Ⅵ)总溶出率为94.0%、98.7%的良好淋浸效果.将含Cr(Ⅵ)的淋滤液替代商品重铬酸钠成功地制备出柠檬铬黄、中铬黄、浅铬黄,PbCrO4含量指标符合国标要求.相对于铅盐、Na2CrO4的理论反应用量,Cr(Ⅵ)浓度为26.21 g/L时,不仅可获取理想的铬黄生成量,而且可使沉淀分离液中检不出Cr(Ⅵ)残留量,但高于此浓度则会出现Cr(Ⅵ)残留.理论值1.15倍的铅盐用量可使Cr(Ⅵ)沉淀完全,铬黄达最高产率.廉价矿物材料改性磷灰石等可用于外排废液中Pb2+的吸附去除,以控制二次污染.利用铬渣中Cr(Ⅵ)溶出液直接制取铬黄颜料,可为铬渣资源化处理开辟一条新途径并获得明显的经济效益.     

工业废水的直接过滤吸附处理

介绍了炉渣直接过滤吸附处理技术在工业废水处理中的应用，并对其工艺操作，影响因素进行了分析。     

市政污泥与磷矿渣共堆肥制备营养覆土

为无害化处理市政污泥,结合矿山生态修复对营养基质的需求,采用翻堆式静态好氧堆肥工艺,以市政污泥、园林绿化废物和磷矿渣为主要原料,经过一次发酵,制备可用于矿山修复的营养覆土。实验中选用晋宁三浑水原矿和黄磷矿渣等2种磷矿渣。与以单一园林绿化废物为骨料的市政污泥传统堆肥方式相比,加入适量黄磷矿渣,能够促进堆体的一次发酵（50 ℃以上）,高温启动时间由5 d缩短为3 d以内,高温持续时间在10 d左右;同时,能够促进营养覆土中腐殖质积累,将种子发芽指数提高到100%以上,并有效固化重金属,浸出液中高毒类金属As的浓度降至50 μg?L-1以下,处于安全水平。市政污泥、园林绿化废物与适量黄磷矿渣经过一次发酵制备的营养覆土可应用于矿山修复。     

Recycling of Malaysia’s electric arc furnace (EAF) slag waste into heavy-duty green ceramic tile

Recently, various solid wastes from industry such as glass waste, fly ash, sewage sludge and slag have been recycled into various value-added products such as ceramic tile. The conventional solutions of dumping the wastes in landfills or incineration, including in Malaysia are getting obsolete as the annual huge amount of the solid wastes would boost-up disposal cost and may cause permanent damage to the flora and fauna. This recent waste recycling approach is much better and greener as it can resolve problems associated with over-limit storage of industrial wastes and reduce exploration of natural resources for ceramic tile to continuously sustain the nature. Therefore, in this project, an attempt was made to recycle electric arc furnace (EAF) slag waste, obtained from Malaysia’s steel making industry, into ceramic tile via conventional powder compaction method. The research work was divided into two stages. The first stage was to evaluate the suitability of EAF slag in ceramic tile by varying weight percentage of EAF slag (40 wt.%, 50 wt.% and 60 wt.%) and ball clay (40 wt.%, 50 wt.% and 60 wt.%), with no addition of silica and potash feldspar. In the second stage, the weight percentage of EAF slag was fixed at 40 wt.% and the percentage of ball clay (30 wt.% and 40 wt.%), feldspar (10 wt.% and 20 wt.%) and silica (10 wt.% and 20 wt.%) added was varied accordingly. Results obtained show that as weight percentage of EAF slag increased up to 60 wt.%, the percentage of apparent porosity and water absorption also rose, with a reduction in tile flexural strength and increased porosity. On the other hand, limiting the weight percentage of EAF slag to 40 wt.% while increasing the weight percentage of ball clay led to a higher total percentage of anorthite and wollastonite minerals, resulting in higher flexural strength. It was found that introduction of silica and feldspar further improved the flexural strength due to optimization of densification process. The highest flexural strength, lowest apparent porosity and water absorption of EAF slag based tile was attained at the composition of 40 wt.% EAF slag – 30 wt.% ball clay – 10 wt.% feldspar – 20 wt.% silica. The properties of ceramic tile made with EAF slag waste (up to 40 wt.%), especially flexural strength are comparable to those of commercial ceramic tile and are, therefore, suitable as high flexural strength and heavy-duty green ceramic floor tile. Continuous development is currently underway to improve the properties of tile so that this recycling approach could be one of the potential effective, efficient and sustainable solutions in sustaining our nature.     

新型填料床-逐级曝气池一体化反应器水处理技术

为解决低浓度污水处理工艺脱氮除磷过程中存在的微生物碳源不足的问题,本文研制了新型填料床-逐级曝气串联反应器.填料床分别采用珊瑚砂、竹炭颗粒、钢渣为填料,在好氧、厌氧兼顾的环境下,实现化学除磷、生物除氮.试验采用模拟生活污水,COD、TN、TP、氨氮的浓度为170—190 mg.L-1、27—30 mg.L-1、8—10 mg.L-1,23—25 mg.L-1.反应器在第27天启动成功,100 d稳定运行结果显示,当HRT为14 h,曝气池DO为3.5 mg.L-1,反应器处理效果良好,出水中COD、TN、TP、氨氮的浓度分别为30.7 mg.L-1、5.59 mg.L-1、1.0 mg.L-1、4.67 mg.L-1,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)中的一级B排放标准.经钢渣填料床处理后的污水,TP浓度降到1 mg.L-1左右,在不排泥的情况下,实现TP的高效去除,同时有效避免了除磷与脱氮过程对碳源的竞争,实现了生物法对水体中富余氮、磷的高效去除.     

铬渣中Cr^6＋的溶出特性研究

研究了铬渣中C_r~(6+)的溶出特性。研究表明,铬渣遇水会溶出碱性物质和C_r~(6+)。反复浸出时,其累积溶出负荷持续上升。这表明在碱性条件下,C_r~(3+)易被氧化为C_r~(6+)而溶出。在淋溶初期,其溶出量很高;随后,迅速降低;当C_r~(6+)浓度达到100mg/l以后,下降缓慢。研究得到,C_r~(6+)累积溶出负荷,与流出液体积呈显著对数相关。     

酸雨淋溶对铬渣中Cr6+释放的影响

采用人工柱对3个不同年代的铬渣进行为期5年不同pH值(4.0,5.0,6.0)下的模拟酸雨淋溶实验,结果表明:淋溶前铬渣具有很强的腐蚀性,pH值达到12以上,总铬和Cr6 分别占铬渣的4.68%-4.86%和1.19%-1.73%;Cr6 溶出浓度在淋溶初期大,随着淋溶时间的增加,溶出浓度急剧下降,淋溶接近第二年雨量时,溶出浓度减小且趋于稳定.5年模拟酸雨淋溶后,Cr6 累积溶出范围在2138-4490mg,浸出液浓度稳定范围50-127mg·l-1,仍然远高于排放标准.铬渣淋溶后,残渣态和结晶铁锰氧化物结合态铬含量保持不变,水溶态、酸溶态和稳定铁锰氧化物结合态铬有不同程度减小.     

钢渣-灰岩人工湿地脱除粪便污水高氮素的实验研究

构建小试系统研究了钢渣-灰岩垂直潜流人工湿地对粪便污水中高浓度氮素的降解效果。同时比较分析了填料填铺方式和表层填料对钢渣-灰岩垂直潜流湿地降解粪便污水氮素效能的影响。结果表明：当原水氨氮在42.72～272.60 mg/L,总氮在107.40～689.35 mg/L内,钢渣-灰岩垂直潜流人工湿地出水氨氮和总氮浓度可分别达到13.57 mg/L和62.83 mg/L;从长期效果来看,大级配差的正反粒径混合填铺的填料结构更有利于钢渣-灰岩人工湿地保持氮素降解效能;表层的基质材料选择要充分考虑渗透性和复氧能力;钢渣不但对氨氮有吸附作用,而且为氨氮的挥发和硝化/反硝化作用创造有利环境;灰岩在钢渣协助下溶出钙离子以利于氨氮的阳离子交换,同时为铁自养反硝化菌和脱硫杆菌的自养反硝化作用提供碳源。