典型钢渣的易磨性和胶凝活性分析

分析了25家钢铁企业转炉和电炉钢渣的易磨性和胶凝活性,分析结果表明,钢渣中的一些含铁物相,如橄榄石、铁酸钙类物质属于难磨物相,而RO相相对易磨,电炉氧化渣比转炉渣易磨,热闷渣比热泼渣易磨;碱度≥1.8的转炉钢渣的胶凝活性较好,能符合GB/T 20491—2006《用于水泥和混凝土中的钢渣粉》中规定的二级钢渣粉的活性指数要求,而电炉渣由于碱度偏低,胶凝活性较差。     

Resurrection of the iron and phosphorus resource in steel-making slag

 This research focused on the treatment of steel-making slags to recycle and recover iron and phosphorus. The carbothermal reduction behavior of both synthesized and factory steel-making slag in microwave irradiation was investigated. The slags were mixed with graphite powder and heated to a temperature higher than 1873 K to precipitate a lump of Fe–C alloy with a diameter of 2–8 mm. The larger the carbon equivalent (C_eq, defined in the text), the higher the fractional reduction of iron and phosphorus. An increase in the SiO₂ content of slag led to a considerable improvement in the reduction for both iron and phosphorus because of the improvement in the fluidity of the slags and an increase in the activity coefficient of P₂O₅ in the slags. The extraction behavior of phosphorus from Fe–P–C_satd alloy was also investigated at 1473 K by carbonate flux treatment. For all the experiments with a processing time longer than 10 min, the phosphorus in the fluxes could be concentrated to more than 9% (w/w) showing that it could be used as a phosphorus resource. Compared with K₂CO₃ flux treatment, that using Na₂CO₃ was more effective for the extraction of phosphorus, and this was attributed to the lower evaporation of Na₂CO₃. Finally, a recycling scheme for steel-making slag is proposed. Received: March 16, 2001 / Accepted: November 12, 2001     

石灰铁盐法除砷中和渣的资源化制砖

文章介绍了石灰铁盐法除砷中和渣的产生机理及无害化处置 (堆存 )的方法 ,并针对处置中存在占用土地、费用高、伴有环境风险等问题 ,金隆公司与某制砖厂联手将中和渣成功用于制砖。     

Synthesis of TiO2 visible light catalysts with controllable crystalline phase and morphology from Ti-bearing electric arc furnace molten slag

TiO₂ visible light catalysts with different crystalline phases and morphologies were synthesized from titanium-bearing electric arc furnace molten slag (Ti-bearing EAF slag) by using a simple acidolysis process. The effects of the pH of the HCl solution, liquid to solid ratio (R_L/S, HCl solution to the residue ratio, mL/g) and acidolysis time on the micro-morphology and crystalline phase of as-prepared TiO₂ photocatalysts were systematically investigated. The results indicated that with decreasing pH in the HCl solution and increasing R_L/S, the crystalline phase and micro-morphology of the obtained TiO₂ nanostructures tended to transform from anatase type TiO₂ with spherical nanoparticle structures to rutile type TiO₂ with needle-like nanorod structures. The acidolysis time had little influence on the crystalline phase but great impact on the size of the obtained TiO₂. The growth mechanism of TiO₂ from Ti-bearing EAF slag during the acidolysis process was also discussed. In addition, the influence of R_L/S on the photocatalytic properties of the synthesized nanostructured TiO₂ was studied. The results showed that the photodegradation efficiency for Rhodamine B solution could reach 91.00% in 120 min when the R_L/S was controlled at 50:1.     

者海铅锌渣中重金属的赋存形态及环境风险评价

以者海铅锌中和渣和水淬渣为研究对象,利用原子吸收和原子荧光分光光度法测定其重金属(As、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr)的含量,采用BCR连续提取法研究了重金属元素的形态分布特征,利用单因子污染指数法、潜在生态风险评价指数法和风险评价编码法对该铅锌渣中重金属的超标水平及生态风险进行评价。结果表明:(1)参考土壤环境质量三级标准,中和渣中的Cd、Zn、Cu超标倍数分别为215、20.6和4.65,水淬渣中的Cd、Zn、As超标倍数分别为11.51、8.62和3.075,中和渣中Cd、Zn、Cu和水淬渣中Cd、Zn污染程度较严重,水淬渣中的As也存在轻度污染性,对生态环境存在威胁。(2)中和渣中Pb、Zn及Cr的主要形态为可还原态,Cd和Cu的主要赋存形态为弱酸提取态,As的残渣态所占比例最大;水淬渣中的Pb、Cd、Cr、As主要赋存于残渣态,Cu和Zn的主要形态分别为可氧化态和可还原态。(3)潜在生态风险评价结果表明,中和渣中Cd和Zn分别处于很高和高生态风险等级,水淬渣中Cd处于偏高生态风险,其他几种重金属则表现为低生态风险。铅锌渣RI值介于183.81~5357.58,为中等-严重生态风险,Cd的风险贡献率最高。(4)风险评价编码法研究表明,中和渣中Cd和Cu分别处于极高和高风险级、Cr和As处于中等风险级;水淬渣中Cd、Zn、As均处于中等风险级,其他重金属处于低风险级,并且中和渣和水淬渣的RAC值顺序为CdCuCrAsZnPb和ZnAsCdCrCuPb。     

铁路工程设计践行绿色发展的实践

设计是铁路工程绿色发展的关键环节之一,以某铁路工程为例,在阐述工程概况和主要问题的基础上,从线路纵断面、辅助坑道、隧道弃渣综合利用、弃土(渣)场数量及取土场数量等方面进行优化设计,并对优化效果进行分析。     

高炉矿渣对铝电解废旧阴极炭焚烧中氟化物的迁移转化行为影响

废旧阴极炭（Spent potlining）是铝电解行业产生的一种高无机氟含量危险废物.本研究以高炉矿渣（Blast furnace slag）为添加剂与废旧阴极炭混合焚烧,模拟计算有关反应的吉布斯自由能,研究焚烧过程中氟化物的转化和稳定化行为.结果表明,高炉矿渣中的钙基化合物可促进废旧阴极炭中的NaF和Na₃AlF₆转化为稳定的CaF₂. 在850 ℃、焚烧1 h的条件下,废旧阴极炭和高炉矿渣混合样（4/6,质量比）水溶性氟浸出率降低42.27%;同时,减少HF释放可使氟化物保留率提高3.85%.高炉矿渣的掺入将其中93.50%的氟化物固定于底渣中,显著降低了废旧阴极炭的浸出毒性.高炉矿渣中的SiO₂和Al₂O₃促进了NaF向CaF₂的热转化行为,高炉矿渣参与焚烧使得焚烧底渣颗粒更加疏松、分散,底渣的 氟化物主要以Ca₄Si₂O₇F₂形态存在,表明高炉矿渣具有协同处置废旧阴极炭的良好性能.     

铁屑微电解法处理农药废水的研究

铁屑微电解法能有效去除农药 (三唑磷、田安、杀虫双和单杀虫 )生产废水中的CODCr、色度、As、氨氮、有机磷和总磷。去除率分别可达 76 .2 %、80 %、6 9.2 %、5 5 .7%、82 .7%和 6 2 .8% ;与铁盐混凝法相比 ,微电解法能更有效地去除污染物 ,提高废水的可生化性     

液态高炉渣热量回收利用方法及问题

钢铁冶金行业生产会产生大量的高炉渣。高炉渣由于自身温度比较高，含热量丰富，对能源工业来说是一种很好的二次资源。世界上已有一些国家对高炉渣热量的回收利用进行了一定的研究，而国内这方面的研究却很少。详细介绍了近几年国内外对高炉渣热量回收利用的情况，在此基础上，阐述了高炉渣热回收技术需要解决的关键问题和发展趋势。     

炉渣与生物炭施加对稻田土壤细菌多样性及群落组成的影响

以福州平原稻田为试验基地,通过设置对照组、炉渣施加组、生物炭施加组、炉渣与生物炭混施组,探究它们对稻田土壤细菌相对丰度、多样性、群落组成的影响.结果发现,在晚稻生长期,废弃物施加处理条件下细菌群落多样性有所提高,与对照相比,生物炭、炉渣处理组细菌多样性指数分别提高了2.55%、3.21%.早稻混施组与早稻对照组之间的群落结构差异最大,晚稻生物炭施加组与晚稻对照组之间的差异最大.废弃物施加处理均提高了早稻芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）相对丰度,降低了晚稻芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）相对丰度,但晚稻中Bacillus占比始终高于早稻.环境因子对稻田土壤细菌相对丰度有显著影响,其中,芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）相对丰度与稻田土壤pH值呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）.建议在晚稻生长期可进行表层废弃物单独施加管理,以通过微生物多样性的增加,改良土壤、提高土壤肥力并达到增产的效果,而对于早稻未来可尝试废弃物深施方式,并探讨其生态影响.