用铬渣生产水泥消除铬渣毒性的研究

本文提出了一种通过以粉煤灰（或煤矸石）、石灰石、铬渣、Ａ渣为原料煅烧新型低温水泥的方法去除铬渣毒性；进行了去除铬渣毒性稳定性试验；讨论了去除铭渣毒性的机理和影响去除铬渣毒性的因素；试验结果表明，该法去除铬渣毒性彻底，社会效益及经济效益显著，是处理铬渣的一种有效方法。     

稀土-过渡金属复合氧化物催化剂用于汽车尾气净化研究

以不含贵金属的稀土 过渡族金属四元复合氧化物为催化剂 ,模拟汽车尾气的组成含量 ,运用连续流动式反应器 ,研究了四元复合氧化物La0 5Sr0 5Ni1 -xCuxO3系列 (x =0—1 0 )对CO和NOx 的催化氧化还原消除活性及其在消除反应条件的抗硫中毒能力 .实验结果表明 ,钙钛矿型四元复合氧化物催化剂La0 5Sr0 5Ni0 5Cu0 5O3对CO和NOx 的氧化还原消除都具有较高的活性 ;脉冲中毒实验指出 ,当反应温度≥ 3 0 0℃ ,SO2 在催化剂中的脉冲积累含量为 1 2 2× 1 0 - 2 mmol时 ,该复合氧化物仍表现出良好的抗硫毒性能 ,它对CO的氧化消除活性并未因体系中SO2 的存在而受到影响     

近江牡蛎对Pb的累积和排出

采用更新式在自然光照和窒温条件下进行了近江牡蛎Ｃｒａｓｓｏｓｔｒｅａｒｉｖｕｌａｒｉｓ对Ｐｂ的累积和排出试验。近江牡蛎对海水中Ｐｂ的累积是净累积型，其体内的Ｐｂ含量与海水的Ｐｂ浓度之间呈显著的线性正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１），近江牡蛎体内的Ｐｂ含量与暴露时间之间呈显著的线性正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ｐｂ从近江牡蛎体内排出的生物学半衰期为１４ｄ，近江牡蛎对Ｐｂ的累积随海水盐度的升高而呈明显的下降趋势，海水盐度的升高有利于近江牡蛎体内残留Ｐｂ的排出。近江牡蛎是比较理想的海洋重金属Ｐｂ污染监测生物。     

城乡结合部垃圾就地消纳的可行性初步研究——以广州市番禺区大石街猛涌村为示范点

为探索城乡结合部垃圾可行的处置方式,依托广州市番禺区大石街猛涌村示范运行的垃圾就地消纳系统,对该村垃圾的产生状况和管理背景进行调查,并结合当地可能的物流消纳去向对其处理技术方式和生物稳定技术减量化效果进行了分析,结果表明,猛涌村垃圾人均产生率0.73/kg·人-1·d-1,村域垃圾产生密度5.17/t·km-2·d-1,垃圾组分复杂,易腐有机成分高达60%以上,与城市日趋类似。农村垃圾不适合填埋和焚烧处理,宜通现有物流容量条件就地消纳。垃圾经就地消纳系统11天的稳定处理,垃圾减容率达40%,pH升至7.78,含水率下降至29.7%,出料呈褐色带有泥土味,稳定化和减量化效果良好。推广就地消纳模式,需要以纳示范点为依托,对就地消纳技术、管理模式进行深入分析研究,组织和动员群众积极参与。     

Performance of biotrickling filters packed with structured or cubic polyurethane sponges for VOC removal

Two identical bench-scale biotrickling filters (BTFs), BTF 1 and BTF 2, were evaluated for toluene removal at various gas empty bed contact times (EBCTs) and organic loadings. BTF 1 and BTF 2 were packed with structured and cubic synthetic polyurethane sponges, respectively. At a constant toluene loading of 16 g/(m3 hr), toluene removal efficiencies decreased from 98.8% to 64.3% for BTF 1 and from 98.4% to 74.1% for BTF 2 as gas EBCT decreased from 30 to 5 sec. When the toluene loading increased from 35 to 140 g/(m3 hr) at a gas EBCT of 30 sec, the removal efficiencies decreased from 99.1% to 77.4% for BTF 1 and from 99.0% to 81.5% for BTF 2. The pressure drop for both BTFs increased with increased air flow rate, and did not significantly vary while the toluene loading was increased under similar operation conditions. BTF 1 and BTF 2 could start up successfully within 19 and 27 days, respectively, when packed with fresh sponge media, and the performances could be restored in 3–7 days after biomass was removed and wasted from the media. BTF 2 displayed higher removal efficiency even under shorter EBCT or higher loading rate than BTF1 when other operation conditions were similar, while it showed lower pressure drop than BTF 1 during the whole period of operation. These results demonstrated that both BTFs could treat waste gas containing toluene effectively.     

BTF系统处理兼氧池高浓度恶臭废气的工程应用

在制药厂建立了生物滴滤处理兼氧池高浓度恶臭废气工程装置.兼氧池恶臭成分主要是H2S,同时含有甲苯及四氢呋喃等气态有机物.设计进气量为8 000 m3/h,有效EBRT为12.0 s,当H2S进气质量浓度为394.26～776.52 mg/m3、平均为524.36 mg/m3时,H2S去除率保持在86.53%～94.79%,平均去除率为90.60%;去除负荷为59.14～122.63 g/(m3·h),平均去除负荷为81.47 g/(m3·h).对甲苯和四氢呋喃的平均去除率为66.84%和59.89%.技术经济分析表明,处理1 000 m3废气投资费用为13.32万元,H2S处理费用为5.23元/kg.     

张家场天然气增压站噪声治理

为使增压站噪声降到国家允许标准,对其噪声进行了综合治理,设计了动力缸排气消声器和百叶窗式进风消声器等,经测试增压站内噪声由９３ｄＢ（Ａ）～１０１ｄＢ（Ａ）降为８１ｄＢ（Ａ）～８８ｄＢ（Ａ）。单台增压机运行时冷却风机噪声由９６ｄＢ（Ａ）降为８２．５ｄＢ（Ａ）。排气消声器噪声由９２ｄＢ（Ａ）降为８１ｄＢ（Ａ）。值班室噪声由５５ｄＢ（Ａ）降为５２．５ｄＢ（Ａ）,治理后达到了预期的效果。     

纳米ZnO和纳米CuO在斑马鱼体内的富集与清除

为探讨工程纳米材料的生物毒性,采用半静态暴露方式(更换试液周期为1 d),在4 mg·L-1和10 mg·L-1浓度条件下,进行了斑马鱼(Danio rerio)对2种金属氧化物纳米材料——nano-Zn O和nano-Cu O的富集和清除实验。整个实验为期52 d,其中暴露阶段28 d,清除阶段24 d。通过测定不同时间节点纳米材料在鱼体内的浓度,研究了斑马鱼对nano-Zn O和nano-Cu O的富集与清除规律;并计算暴露阶段的最大富集系数(BAFmax)以及清除阶段的排出速率常数和总量清除率,比较分析了斑马鱼对这2种纳米材料的富集与清除能力。结果表明:在暴露阶段,nano-Zn O和nano-Cu O在斑马鱼体内的BAFmax分别为169.5和493.4(4 mg·L-1处理组)及168.4和298.6(10 mg·L-1处理组),二者在斑马鱼体内均不具有生物蓄积性;在清除阶段,nano-Cu O可以被斑马鱼有效地排出,其总量清除率(99.5%)和排出速率常数均高于nano-Zn O,而直到清除24 d时,斑马鱼对nano-Zn O的清除仍不完全(清除率91%)。本实验结果为金属氧化物纳米材料对水生生物的慢性毒理学研究提供了基础数据。     

北仑电厂脱硫系统经济运行优化探讨

针对国电浙江北仑电厂烟气脱硫装置运行现状,通过对浆液循环泵、氧化风机、吸收塔pH值等进行优化试验,以脱除单位SO2相对成本最小为目标,得到最优运行方式,取得了显著经济效益。     

Drinking water production by ultrafiltration of Songhuajiang River with PAC adsorption

In recent years, membrane ultrafiltration （UF） of surface water for drinking water treatment has become a more attractive technology worldwide as a possible alternative treatment to conventional clarification. To evaluate the performance of ultrafiltration membranes for treatment of surface water in North China, a 48-m^2 low pressure hollow fiber membrane ultrafiltration pilot plant was constructed. Ultrafiltration was operated in cross-flow and with powdered activated carbon （PAC） adsorption. Turbidity was almost completely removed to less than 0.2 NTU （below Chinese standard 1 NTU）. It was found that PAC addition enhanced organic matter removal. The combined process of PAC/UF allowed to 41% removal of CODMn, 46% removal of DOC and 57% decrease in UV254 absorbance. The elimination of particles, from average 12000/ml in the raw water to approximately 15/ml in the permeated, was observed. When PAC concentration was below 30 mg/L, backwashing could recovery the membrane flux with backwash interval/backwashing duration of 1/30.