资源回收型湿式氨法烟气脱硫技术

阐述了资源回收型湿式氨法烟气脱硫技术的原理和适用范围;介绍了该技术在电力行业、化工行业的应用情况及应用前景;指出回收型湿式氨法烟气脱硫工艺成熟、适用煤种广、脱硫效率高、运行稳定,其副产品硫酸铵的品质符合农用化肥标准,可完全满足农业应用要求,是一种可实现循环经济的绿色脱硫工艺。     

废铅酸蓄电池铅膏性质分析

为给废旧铅蓄电池铅膏的湿法回收工艺提供理论依据,对湖北金洋冶金股份有限公司破碎分选后的废铅膏进行了XRF、XRD、物理分析及化学分析等,确定了废铅膏的主要成分、理化性质等特性。结果表明,废铅膏粒径细小,碾钵磨细后能过120目的筛下物超过77.4%,这对湿法转化是有利的。废铅膏主要组成为64.5%PbSO4、29.5%PbO2、4.5%PbO、0.8%Pb及其他微量杂质元素,杂质主要包括Fe、Sb和Si等。因此,铅膏湿法处理时应该采取合适的净化工艺。     

废弃绿茶对水溶液中Co2+的吸附研究

利用废弃绿茶叶粉末(简称茶叶末)作为吸附剂,考察了pH、温度、时间等对水溶液中Co2+的影响。结果表明:(1)茶叶末对Co2+的吸附量随着pH的上升而上升,其中pH=5.50为最佳。茶叶末对Co2+的吸附量均随时间延长呈现上升趋势,吸附速度先快后慢,吸附最佳时间为90min。(2)不同温度下,茶叶末对Co2+的吸附较好地符合Langmuir模型。该吸附过程是化学离子交换过程,主要发生在重金属离子与羟基、氨基的氢原子之间。(3)茶叶末对Co2+的吸附是自发、放热过程,降温有利于吸附,反应时吸附界面上的混乱度增加。(4)盐酸是很好的解吸介质,解吸率为92.65%。通过灼烧(或燃烧)可以回收水溶液中绝大部分的Co2+,不仅减小了对环境的污染,而且节约了资源。     

水解-BCMBBR-混凝沉淀组合工艺处理低浓度污水的中试研究

采用水解-生物陶粒移动床(BCMBBR)-混凝沉淀组合工艺处理南方低浓度、低碳高氨氮生活污水(COD 110～140 mg/L、C/N 4～5),开展中试研究。结果表明,BCMBBR 20 d成功挂膜,快速启动;在水温25～29℃,HRT 8 h,气水比5∶1,混合液回流比150%,无混凝沉淀下运行,COD、SS和NH4+-N的平均去除率均在81%以上,TN平均去除率大于47%,而TP去除率较低;后接PAC+PAM强化混凝沉淀后运行,有效提高了TP去除率,出水TP在0.5 mg/L以下,稳定达到(GB18918-2002)一级A标准。曝气强度不同相应BCMBBR中的微生物相(微生物种类和数量)也不同,可根据微生物相来指导曝气强度的调节,实现BCMBBR的高效运行。该组合工艺处理废水运行的直接成本为0.24元/m3,是一种适合南方低浓度、低碳高氨氮生活污水的经济高效处理工艺。     

Preparation of glass-ceramics from molten steel slag using liquid-liquid mixing method

A novel approach to prepare glass-ceramics from molten steel slag (MSS) was proposed. In laboratory, the water-quenched steel slag was melted at 1350 °C to simulate the MSS. A mixture of additive powders in wt.% (55 quartz powder, 5 Na₂O, 16 emery powder, 15 CaO, 8 MgO, 1 TiO₂) were melted into liquid at 1350 °C separately. Then the MSS and the molten additives were mixed homogeneously in order to obtain parent glass melt. The proportion of MSS in the melt was 50 wt.%. The melt was subsequently cast, annealed, heat-treated and transformed into glass-ceramics. Their microstructure and crystallization behavior were analyzed. The samples exhibited excellent properties and displayed bulk crystallization. The major crystallized phase was diopside ((Fe_0.35Al_0.20Mg_0.44)Ca_0.96(Fe_0.08Si_0.70Al_0.20)₂O_6.12), which was uniformly distributed in the microstructure. The novel approach may help iron and steel industry achieve zero disposal of steel slag with utilization of the heat energy of the MSS.     

浮选处理＜0.25mm粒级废弃印刷电路板的试验研究

从废弃印刷电路板微细颗粒中富集有用金属是目前环境污染防治领域中的前沿课题,采用浮选方法对废弃印刷电路板破碎后的微细物料进行探索性浮选试验研究.借助Design-Expert7.0软件进行了废弃印刷电路板金属回收的4因素3水平浮选试验设计和结果分析,讨论了搅拌速度、充气量、矿浆温度及矿浆质量浓度对浮选效果的影响,给出了金...     

LCA of local strategies for energy recovery from waste in England, applied to a large municipal flow

An intense waste management (WM) planning activity is currently undergoing in England to build the infrastructure necessary to treat residual wastes, increase recycling levels and the recovery of energy from waste. From the analyses of local WM strategic and planning documents we have identified the emerging of three different energy recovery strategies: established combustion of residual waste; pre-treatment of residual waste and energy recovery from Solid Recovered Fuel in a dedicated plant, usually assumed to be a gasifier; pre-treatment of residual waste and reliance on the market to accept the ‘fuel from waste’ so produced. Each energy recovery strategy will result in a different solution in terms of the technology selected; moreover, on the basis of the favoured solution, the total number, scale and location of thermal treatment plants built in England will dramatically change. To support the evaluation and comparison of these three WM strategy in terms of global environmental impacts, energy recovery possibilities and performance with respect to changing ‘fuel from waste’ market conditions, the LCA comparison of eight alternative WM scenarios for a real case study dealing with a large flow of municipal wastes was performed with the modelling tool WRATE. The large flow of waste modelled allowed to formulate and assess realistic alternative WM scenarios and to design infrastructural systems which are likely to correspond to those submitted for approval to the local authorities. The results show that all alternative scenarios contribute to saving abiotic resources and reducing global warming potential. Particularly relevant to the current English debate, the performance of a scenario was shown to depend not from the thermal treatment technology but from a combination of parameters, among which most relevant are the efficiency of energy recovery processes (both electricity and heat) and the calorific value of residual waste and pre-treated material. The contribution and relative importance of recycling and treatment/recovery processes change with the impact category. The lack of reprocessing plants in the area of the case study has shown the relevance of transport distances for recyclate material in reducing the efficiency of a WM system. Highly relevant to the current English WM infrastructural debate, these results for the first time highlight the risk of a significant reduction in the energy that could be recovered by local WM strategies relying only on the market to dispose of the ‘fuel from waste’ in a non dedicated plant in the case that the SRF had to be sent to landfill for lack of treatment capacity.     

废旧硅橡胶酸性热解残渣热解馏出物组分分析

在不同温度下对废旧硅橡胶酸性热解残渣进行热解,通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术对馏出油的组分进行分离与鉴定.实验结果表明:当热解温度为180℃时,馏出油组分相对较单一,主要是低沸点硅油类物质,可再次回收利用,实现清洁生产;当热解温度为340℃时,馏出油组分多且复杂,主要为高沸点硅油类物质,还有硅油类物质氧化和高温热解后的产物...     

曝气量和曝气时长对好氧颗粒污泥活性恢复的影响

采用啤酒废水,在SBR中对在4℃的冰箱中储存8周的好氧颗粒污泥进行活性恢复。设置曝气时长分别为150 min和270 min,曝气量分别为0.1 m3/h和0.2 m3/h,考察了曝气时长和曝气量对好氧颗粒污泥活性恢复的影响。实验结果表明,好氧颗粒污泥在4℃冰箱中储存8周后,其颜色、粒径无明显变化;设置较长曝气时间(270 min)、较大曝气量(0.2 m3/h)时,颗粒污泥平均沉降速率、MLSS和SVI恢复最快,且对COD处理效果也恢复较快。而短曝气时间(150 min)、小曝气量(0.1 m3/h)有利于好氧颗粒污泥对氨氮去除效果的恢复。     

中置曝气生物活性炭工艺中的微絮凝

利用新型炭滤-砂滤工艺对南方湿热地区微污染源水进行中试规模的微絮凝实验研究。结果表明,接触絮凝时间为2~5 min时,投加1.0 mg/L的PAC微絮凝效果最好。运行稳定后,砂滤器出水浊度≤0.1 NTU,对COD Mn的去除效果有一定改善,微型水生生物的种类和数量也较炭滤器有大幅度下降,其中双层砂滤的效果优于单层粗砂,但其水头损失增长较快。通过微絮凝,砂滤器对炭滤器反冲洗后初滤水能有较好处理效果,可有效简化运行工艺。同时可保证滤后水中铝含量满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》的要求。