从炭黑废水中提取导电炭黑

从炭黑废水中提取的炭黑，经干燥，其质量可符合导电炭黑的要求。重点介绍了提取导电炭黑过程中物料的传递及干燥工艺，并对试车中出现的问题进行了分析。     

The impact of Hurricane Rita on an academic institution: lessons learned

This paper examines the impact of Hurricane Rita on one of the many universities along the Gulf Coast of the United States: Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas. Hurricane Rita, which made landfall between Sabine Pass, Texas, and Johnson's Bayou, Louisiana, on 24 September 2005, is the fourth strongest Atlantic Ocean hurricane on record and the most intense tropical cyclone ever observed in the Gulf of Mexico. This paper assesses the tasks that confronted the administration, faculty, and students of Lamar University in the days and weeks after the event. It concludes that the one factor that will influence more than any other the degree of success after any disaster is whether all levels of the administrative command institutionalise, endorse, promote, and encourage the adopted recovery plan. The research seeks to share valuable insights on the vulnerabilities that academic institutions face during natural disasters and to highlight some of the many lessons learned.     

汶川地震与唐山地震损失与救助之对比

1976年发生的唐山7.8级地震与2008年发生的汶川8.0级地震,是近年来破坏程度深、影响范围广的两次特大地震灾害,造成的人员伤亡与经济损失都是惨重与巨大的。但是,不同时代背景下,参数相近的两次地震在灾后救援与救助方面却相差甚远,表现在军队人数调动、受伤人口抢救、恢复重建资金投入、国内外援助、保险再保险分担等方面。着重对比了以上几方面后得出结论:在各项应急预案颁布并实施后,我国灾害救援工作更加有序,提高了救援效率;同时,保险与再保险的参与也减轻了政府负担,为灾民自主开展家园的恢复重建提供了便捷与保障。     

Paired assistance policy and recovery from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake: a network perspective

The role of the paired assistance policy (PAP) in facilitating recovery after the Wenchuan earthquake in China on 12 May 2008 is best analysed from a network perspective. This paper makes five assumptions to explore the relationship, and then draws on three additional cases to examine them. The key findings support all five assumptions. First, the interactions of authority compliance initiated the PAP, and second, the interactions of resource input significantly contributed to rapid reconstruction following the earthquake. Third, the interactions of knowledge transfer supported social system recovery, and fourth, the interactions of benefit reciprocity laid the foundation for sustainable recovery. Fifth, by contrast, the interactions of performance comparison caused suboptimal overfunding of particular public infrastructure projects and reduced local self‐reliance to some extent. Finally, suggestions are made to improve the policy implications of extending the use of the PAP in other administrative contexts. The PAP could become an even more important policy device in the future.     

Factors associated with preemptive conservation under the U.S. Endangered Species Act

In recent decades, there has been an increasing emphasis on proactive efforts to conserve species being considered for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) before they are listed (i.e., preemptive conservation). These efforts, which depend on voluntary actions by public and private land managers across the species’ range, aim to conserve species while avoiding regulatory costs associated with ESA listing. We collected data for a set of social, economic, environmental, and institutional factors that we hypothesized would influence voluntary decisions to promote or inhibit preemptive conservation of species under consideration for ESA listing. We used logistic regression to estimate the association of these factors with preemptive conservation outcomes based on data for a set of species that entered the ESA listing process and were either officially listed (n = 314) or preemptively conserved (n = 73) from 1996 to 2018. Factors significantly associated with precluded listing due to preemptive conservation included high baseline conservation status, low proportion of private land across the species’ range, small total range size, exposure to specific types of threats, and species’ range extending over several states. These results highlight strategies that can help improve conservation outcomes, such as allocating resources for imperiled species earlier in the listing process, addressing specific threats, and expanding incentives and coordination mechanisms for conservation on private lands.     

P204f(D2EHPA)萃取分离回收催化剂母液中钴、锰

石油化工和化纤工业中大量使用钴,锰催化剂,应及时从各种废液中回收、再生,本文在25±1℃下研究了D_2EHPA-煤油从硫酸盐介质中萃取分离钴(Ⅱ)、锰(Ⅱ)的工艺,考察了萃取剂浓度、平衡pH值、相比对萃取的影响,求取了较适宜的工艺条件,利用五级逆流萃取模拟试验将钴、锰浓度比从1:1.5提高到1000:1,加入洗涤段后,又可获得金属含量比为1000的纯锰溶液,初步探索了用先进的液膜萃取新技术从溶液中分别富集、分离钴(Ⅱ)、锰(Ⅱ)的方法,找出了体系pH值对液膜萃取的影响,提出了从PTA氧化母液中回收废催化剂,萃取分离钴、锰,再生制备醋酸钴、醋酸锰和其他含钴、锰精细化工产品的工艺。     

根系吸水机理研究进展

植物根系除支撑和固定其地上部这一力学功能外的一个重要功能就是从土壤中吸收水分和养分以满足植物地上部生长所需.表征植物根吸水能力的一个重要的水力学参数是水力导度(用单位时间单位面积的水流速率来表示),可在细胞(细胞水力导度)、单根和整株根系水平上来表达,其中单根导度可分为径向导度和轴向导度,仅径向导度反映了单根吸收水分的能力,而轴向导度则反映了植物根系输导水分的能力,但在整株根系水平上则以通过整个根系的水流通量与根木质部和根表土壤间的水势差之比来表示,既包括径向导度也包括轴向导度.近年来,对植物根系吸水或根水…     

烃类污染土壤热强化气相抽提技术的脱附动力学

为研究烃类污染土壤热脱附净化效率的影响机制,采用热强化气相抽提技术(soil vapor extraction,SVE)处理烃类污染土壤,探讨了通气速率、抽提气中水蒸气的浓度(gas water content,GWC)、土壤含水量(soil water content,SWC)对热强化SVE处理效率的影响,并采用LDF和Freundlich动力学方程对脱附处理过程进行了拟合。结果表明：在120 ℃的条件下,以通气速率80 mL·min⁻¹、GWC 15%和SWC 10%为最优处理工艺,气体在土壤空隙中间的传质速率加快,能明显缩短热强化SVE的处理时间;通气速率从40 mL·min⁻¹提高到80 mL·min⁻¹时,处理时间从425 min缩短至350 min;GWC从0%增加到15%时,处理时间从350 min缩短至105 min;GWC从15%增加到25%时,处理时间从105 min延长到240 min;当SWC为10%时,热强化处理时间缩短至290 min;当SWC从10%增加到15%时,处理时间从290 min延长至390 min。通过分析可知,LDF方程适合简单条件下(通气速率)的拟合,当通气速率为80 mL·min⁻¹时,偏差率为4%。Freundlich方程更适合复杂(土-水-气)体系下的拟合,GWC为15%时偏差率为3.8%,SWC为5%时偏差率为2.6%。以上结果可为开展热强化SVE处理烃类污染土壤研究提供参考。     

热强化气相抽提法修复半挥发性石油烃污染土壤的影响因素

热强化气相抽提技术（T-SVE）在修复半挥发性石油烃污染土壤方面极具应用潜力。本文基于实验室模拟T-SVE装置,研究了加热温度及土壤含水量、有机质对4种半挥发性石油烃（正十三烷、正十四烷、正十五烷和正十六烷）去除效率的影响,并对石油烃去除动力学进行了拟合。结果表明,温度决定性地影响了石油烃污染土壤的修复效率,污染土壤残留率与加热温度基本呈反比。石油烃去除过程符合Elovich和Freundlich热脱附动力学方程。加热温度为140 ℃时,土壤含水量（5%~30%）的增加降低了石油烃去除效率;当温度上升到180 ℃,石油烃去除率在土壤含水量5%~20%时也表现出降低趋势,但在土壤含水量为30%时反而达到最高值。土壤有机质含量增加明显降低了石油烃去除率,尤其对于辛醇-水分配系数值高的石油烃;当加热温度从140 ℃升高到220 ℃,土壤有机质对石油烃污染去除的限制明显降低。实验获得结果可为T-SVE技术修复石油烃污染的工程设计提供参考。     

1,1,1-三氯乙烷回收装置

介绍了已在彩色显像管生产线上配套应用的三氯乙烷回收装置的工艺流程、操作控制系统和应用效果。