近30 a青藏高原夏季空中水资源时空变化特征及其成因

综合考虑高原大地形以及南亚季风、中纬西风带的影响,利用1979-2010 年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,从高原整体空中水资源分布以及区域可降水量与水汽收支变化等方面剖析了青藏高原夏季（6-8 月）空中水资源时空变化特征及其机制。分析表明：除高原西北部外,其它4 个分区多年平均水汽净收支为汇。1979-2010 年,高原中南、东南与西北部可降水量与水汽净收支均呈递减趋势,东北部相反,中北部水汽净输入减弱但可降水量增加。高原空中水资源变化与中纬西风带和南亚季风水汽输送关联密切,区域西风、南亚季风活动减弱分别反映了高原中东部纬向水汽、30°N以南经向水汽输送的减少;而高原特有的地形分布加剧了各分区水汽净收支变化格局。     

环境监测站如何通过盲样和加标回收考核

探讨了盲样和加标回收两种实验室考核中应注意的细节,介绍了通过考核的一些经验技巧,为实验人员提供了值得借鉴的信息。     

GeoChip-based analysis of the microbial community functional structures in simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification process

The elemental sulfur （S^0） recover）, was evaluated in the presence of hi,ate in two development models of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification （SDD） process. At the loading rates of 0.9 kg S/（m^3.day） for sulfide and 0.4 kg N/（m^3.day） for nitrate, SO conversion rate was 91.1% in denitrifying sulfide removal （DSR） model which was higher than in integrated simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification （ISDD） model （25.6%）. A comprehensive analysis of functional diversity, structure and metabolic potential of microbial communities was examined in two models by using functional gene array （GeoChip 2.0）. GeoChip data indicated that diversity indices, community structure, and abundance of functional genes were distinct between two models. Diversity indices （Simpson＇s diversity index （1/D） and Shannon-Weaver index （H′）） of all detected genes showed that with elevated infiuent loading rate, the functional diversity decreased in ISDD model but increased in DSR model. In contrast to ISDD model, the overall abundance of dsr genes was lower in DSR model, while some functional genes targeting from nitrate-reducing sulfide-oxidizingbacteria {NR-SOB）, such as Thiobacillus denitrficans, Sulfurimonas denitrificans, and Paracoccus pantotrophus were more abundant in DSR model which were highly associated with the change of SO conversion rate obtained in two models. The results obtained in this study provide additional insights into the microbial metabolic mechanisms involved in ISDD and DSR models, which in turn will improve the overall performance of SDD process.     

酸碱回收对粉煤灰合成沸石性能的影响

针对粉煤灰合成沸石合成成本较高及废酸碱外排污染环境的问题,对粉煤灰合成人工沸石工艺中废酸碱回收的可行性及其对合成沸石产品性能的影响进行了试验研究,研究设置3个废酸碱回收利用比例条件(1:1,2:1,3:1),其他合成条件与初始粉煤灰合成沸石完全相同.利用SEM、XRD、BET等技术对合成产品进行表征,结果表明回收酸合成沸石(WAC-ZFA)、回收碱合成沸石(WAL-ZFA)表面存在大量孔隙结构,XRD图谱也存在尖锐的沸石衍射峰,表征结果与粉煤灰合成沸石(ZFA)相似;在BET方面,与ZFA相比,WAC-ZFA有所下降,而WAL-ZFA明显增大;废碱回收比例对合成沸石除氨的效果影响不大,而废酸回收比例对合成沸石除氨的效果影响较明显,综合考虑,建议在实际生产中废酸回收比例宜≤1:1,废碱回收比例宜≤3:1.     

Phosphorus recovery from wastewater by struvite crystallization：Property of aggregates

Struvite crystallization is a promising method to remove and recover phosphorus from wastewater to ease both the scarcity of phosphorus rock resources and water eutrophication worldwide. To date, although various kinds of reactor systems have been developed, supporting methods are required to control the struvite fines flushing out of the reactors. As an intrinsic property, aggregation is normally disregarded in the struvite crystallization process, although it is the key factor in final particle size and therefore guarantees phosphorus recovery efficiency. The present study developed a method to analyze the characteristics of struvite aggregates using fractal geometry, and the influence of operational parameters on struvite aggregation was evaluated. Due to its typical orthorhombic molecular structure, struvite particles are prone to crystallize into needle or rod shapes, and aggregate at the corners or edges of crystals. The determined fractal dimension(Dpf) of struvite aggregates was 1.52–1.31, with the corresponding range of equivalent diameter(d0.5) at 295.9–85.4 μm. Aggregates formed in relatively low phosphorus concentrations(3.0–5.0 mmol/L) and mildly alkaline conditions(pH 9.0–9.5) displayed relatively compact structures, large aggregate sizes and high aggregation strength. Increasing pH values led to continuous decrease of aggregate sizes, while the variation of Dpfwas insignificant. As to the aggregate evolution, fast growth in a short time followed by a long steady stage was observed.     

Variations in stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in atmospheric water vapor in the marine boundary layer across a wide latitude range

The newly-developed cavity ring-down laser absorption spectroscopy analyzer with special calibration protocols has enabled the direct measurement of atmospheric vapor isotopes at high spatial and temporal resolution. This paper presents real-time hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope data for atmospheric water vapor above the sea surface, over a wide range of latitudes spanning from 38°N to 69°S. Our results showed relatively higher values of 8180 and 82H in the subtropical regions than those in the tropical and high latitude regions, and also a notable decreasing trend in the Antarctic coastal region. By combining the hydrogen and oxygen isotope data with meteoric water line and backward trajectory model analysis, we explored the kinetic fractionation caused by subsiding air masses and related saturated vapor pressure in the subtropics, and the evaporation-driven kinetic fractionation in the Antarctic region. Simultaneous observations of meteorological and marine variables were used to interpret the isotopic composition characteristics and influential factors, indicating that d-excess is negatively correlated with humidity across a wide range of latitudes and weather conditions worldwide. Coincident with previous studies, d-excess is also positively correlated with sea surface temperature and air temperature （Tair）, with greater sensitivity to Tair. Thus, atmospheric vapor isotopes measured with high accuracy and good spatial- temporal resolution could act as informative tracers for exploring the water cycle at different regional scales. Such monitoring efforts should be undertaken over a longer time period and in different regions of the world.     

报废汽车内饰件再利用研究

摘要：分析了目前国内外关于报废汽车内饰件处理回收的进展情况,重点介绍了一种报废汽车内饰件回收再利用的处理方法,有效地节约资源,减少环境污染。     

国内外废旧纺织品回收再利用方法比较

随着人们生活水平的提高,越来越多的废旧纺织品和衣物被淘汰,但是其中大部分没有被很好的回收利用,因此对环境造成污染.介绍了国内外企业废旧衣物回收再利用的方法并进行比较,为国内企业提供有效参考.     

剩余污泥中磷的回收利用

基于我国磷资源的短缺和城市污泥处理处置的现状,针对磷元素的流动特性,分析了城市污泥中磷回收的必要性。探讨了污泥中磷由固相释放至液相的厌氧消化法、臭氧氧化法、热处理法、超声波溶胞法和焚烧溶出法等方法,并对回收污泥中磷的化学沉淀法、吸附解析法、焚烧热处理法、纳滤法等的原理和研究现状进行了综述,对城市污泥中磷释放与回收技术的研究、开发与应用前景进行了展望,为城市污泥中磷的资源化回收利用提供指导。     

加油站油气回收效果检测及分析

对某地区4个加油站的油气回收改造效果进行了抽样检测。重点对一次油气回收中的回气量、回气浓度、回气压力和卸油速度以及二次油气回收中的密闭性、液阻和气液比等指标进行了测试,分析了存在的问题,并提出了相应的改造措施和建议。