夏季风水汽输送对云南夏季旱涝的影响

利用欧洲中期天气预报中心的1961-2002年逐月再分析资料(ERA-40),计算夏季80°E~130°E, 0°~35°N区域内水汽通量及其散度,并使用EOF分解和小波分析等统计方法,对云南夏季水汽通量及其散度的时空特征进行诊断分析,结果表明:云南夏季风降水有两支水汽来源,最强一支来自越赤道气流转向后在孟加拉湾北上形成西南水汽输送,其水汽源地为印度洋、孟加拉湾,反映南亚季风对云南的影响;另一支为副热带高压南侧的东风气流,其源地是西太平洋、南海,反映东亚季风对云南的影响;云南夏季降水的主要水汽通道是南亚夏季风水汽输送。夏季风水汽通量矢量的第一特征向量分布型大致呈反气旋式水汽输送,对应云南夏季降水的一致偏多;水汽通量矢量场第二特征向量的分布大致为气旋式水汽输送,对应云南夏季降水偏少;第三特征向量为气旋式－反气旋式,造成云南夏季降水南北分布差异,反映云南夏季降水的南北差异。第一模态的水汽通量有很强的年际变化,在年代际变化上13~15 a周期较为显著,在年际变化上2~3 a的周期较显著;1960年以来水汽通量呈减少趋势为-0.105 kg(m·s)^-1/a。第二模态的水汽通量呈增加趋势,为0.566 kg(m·s)^-1/a,在年代际变化上11~15 a周期最为显著,从1970年代中期后水汽通量呈2~3 a的周期振荡。夏季异常旱涝年与来自孟加拉湾和南海地区的西南水汽输送的强度及位置有关,并且对流层中层的水汽输送起决定因素。     

叔丁醇燃爆危险性研究

为预防叔丁醇氧化制甲基丙烯酸甲酯工艺过程中燃爆危险的发生,利用11L爆轰管测定不同工况温度、压力条件下,叔丁醇在不同氧含量的氧氮混合气中的爆炸极限,得到不同工况条〖JP2〗件下“叔丁醇-氧气-氮气”混合体系的燃爆区域;针对工艺过程中存在水蒸汽的条件,研究了水蒸汽含量对叔丁醇燃爆的影响。结果表明:叔丁醇在80℃、015MPa,170℃、015MPa,280℃、01MPa条件下的极限氧含量分别为159%、153%和135%;随着水蒸汽含量的升高,叔丁醇爆炸极限范围变小,在80℃、015MPa,170℃、015MPa条件下当水蒸汽含量增加到27%和34%时无燃爆现象发生。     

Effect of dietary factors and environmental chemicals on intestinal drug metabolizing enzymes

The liver is the major site of metabolism of foreign chemicals, but contribution from intestinal biotransformation can influence the overall disposition of chemicals. The intestinal drug‐metabolizing enzymes are located in the endoplasmic reticulum and they possess biochemical properties similar to those of the hepatic system. In general, the rate of in vitro metabolism of drug substrates in intestines is lower than in the liver. There seem to be differences in regulation and induction of hepatic and intestinal drug‐metabolizing enzymes. The in vitro intestinal metabolism of foreign chemicals is affected by several factors including the nutritional status of the animal. Dietary components such as vitamins, lipids and vegetables can modify the activities of intestinal drug‐metabolizing enzymes. Phenobarbital or 3‐methyl‐cholanthrene (3‐MC) pre‐treatment induces the hepatic metabolism of a wide variety of drug substrates in a number of species, while the stimulation of intestinal enzymes is both substrate and species specific. Rabbit intestinal drug‐metabolizing enzymes seem to be resistant to induction by foreign chemicals.     

基于天然气管线泄漏蒸汽云爆炸危害分析

基于历史数据和试验建立和改进相应的数学模型,初步建立了定量分析研究天然气管线泄漏蒸汽云爆炸和毒气危害后果计算方法,为天然气管线风险评估、风险管理、管线维护以及蒸汽云爆炸和毒气危害发生后的危害后果评估提供决策支持.     

The role of social support and place attachment during hazard evacuation: the case of Sandy Lake First Nation,Canada

This paper examines how and if the post-disaster distribution of housing assistance in two cities of Bam, in Iran, and Bhuj, in India, fulfilled the broad aim of enabling the stricken population to achieve housing recovery. Drawing on interviews with stricken households and officials as well as document review, the paper provides an account of the housing assistance distribution policies in these cities as they were formed, evolved, interpreted, and implemented as well as the ways they were experienced by disaster-stricken people. The paper investigates who did not receive assistance, who did not recover (yet) despite receiving assistance, and – in contrast to these groups – who recovered/accumulated new assets during the recovery process. While in both cities public policies of assistance distribution expanded the capacity of the majority of the stricken people to recover, they failed to provide a timely and appropriate support for the recovery of lower income groups, tenants, and squatters, in line with their needs and priorities.     

The role of lifeline losses in business continuity in the case of Adapazari,Turkey

Despite the fact that one of the main reasons for business discontinuity after the shock of a natural disaster is lifeline outages, individual preparedness and recovery efforts have been given priority. This paper focuses on the significance of lifeline services for business continuity in order to highlight the necessity for collective action to achieve community recovery. Post-disaster research was conducted on a sample of business survivors in the town of Adapazari, which was severely affected by an earthquake in 1999. The study looked into the dependence of businesses on various infrastructure systems and the effects on those businesses of lifeline outages. The findings of the study address the need for community-level actions that are beyond the capability of any individual firm and which will ensure the continuity of business.     

厌氧污泥释放磷的规律及鸟粪石法回收磷的应用研究

城市污水处理厂进行脱氮除磷工艺时,大量的磷从水体转入活性污泥中,如不能回收这部分磷,将造成磷的大量流失,这与磷矿稀缺的现状形成矛盾。通过建立污泥停留时间5 d和10 d的两个厌氧反应系统,对污泥中磷的释放规律进行研究,并采用鸟粪石法对上清液中的磷进行回收。研究结果表明,厌氧污泥上清液中的磷含量高达150 mg.L-1,SRT为5 d和10 d的系统,分别在4 d和2 d后磷的质量浓度由14 mg.L-1上升到100 mg.L-1,且基本上都以正磷酸盐的形式存在。将pH从8.3上升到9.0,磷的回收率可以从60%提升到90%,当pH达到8.8时,磷的回收率即可超过80%,表现出了较好的磷回收效果。研究还发现镁离子和磷酸根的摩尔比对磷的回收率的影响较小,在pH=8.8时,将镁磷比从1.43提升到1.83,磷的回收率仅从79.2%提升到85.5%;在pH=9.0时提高镁磷比对磷的回收基本没有影响。     

Work‐related flow and energy at work and at home: A study on the role of daily recovery

In this diary study, we aimed to examine the moderating effects of the following: (i) recovery efforts at work and (ii) detachment from work on the relationship between work‐related flow and energy after work. Specifically, we hypothesized that flow would be beneficial for energy after work when employees failed (versus managed) to recover during work breaks. Additionally, we predicted that when employees experience flow at work, they would be more vigorous (and less exhausted) at the end of the day when they detached from work in the evening compared with days when they failed to detach. The study tracked 83 participants who completed daily surveys over four consecutive days. Results of multilevel analyses indicated that some characteristics of flow, such as absorption and enjoyment, were significantly associated with energy after work. Recovery at work and detachment from work moderated the relationship between flow (specifically the enjoyment component) and after‐work energy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

晶种法回收和去除高浓度含氟废水中的氟

以氟化盐厂3 100 mg/L含氟废水为处理对象,提出了以氢氧化钙清液为沉淀剂,添加晶种回收废水中氟化物的新工艺。结果表明,采用氟化钙回收装置对废水进行处理,当Ca/F=1.2∶2、反应终点pH=6.1～6.6时,出水氟离子质量浓度低于20 mg/L,达到国家二级排放标准,氟化钙污泥呈砂状,含水率低,易于回用,氟回收率高于99.5%,可以有效降低氟污染和资源浪费。     

氨分解装置中液氨储罐火灾爆炸危险性分析

以某金属处理企业氨分解装置中液氨储罐罐区为例,对液氨泄漏后火灾爆炸事故及其伤害范围进行了研究,用池火、蒸气云爆炸和沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸模型进行计算分析,给出火灾、爆炸事故的人员伤害和财产损失范围。结果表明:围堤堤内池火或罐内池火时,罐区建构筑物内的汽化器、管道等设备会因直接过火或热辐射导致损坏,建筑内人员死亡,但难以波及罐区之外;蒸气云爆炸产生相当于1192.72kgTNT爆炸的当量,爆炸的后果严重,应重点防范,防范的重点为液氨泄漏、点火源;沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸的火球半径56.1m,持续时间8.7s,死亡半径27.2m,其源于储罐受热或系统突然失效,液体瞬时泄漏汽化并遇点火源而发生,具有突发性且后果严重,企业应高度重视并严格储罐及系统的定期检验与校验、密切关注系统的有效运行。