A new regeneration approach to cation resins with aluminum salts: application of desalination by its mixed bed

A novel method for the regeneration of cation exchange resins by aluminum (Al) salts was investigated in order to improve the regeneration efficiency of resins and reduce the dosage of regenerant. The influences of Al³⁺ concentration and the pH of regeneration solution on resin transformation had been studied. The desalination experiments were carried out to evaluate the characteristics of the Al form resins. Experimental results showed that the regeneration rate of resins was strictly dependent on Al3+ concentration and the pH of the solution. Compared to the conventional regeneration method, the Al form mixed bed exhibited the same desalination capability as the H form mixed bed (MB), and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal was up to 90%, clearly higher than that of the H form. Al salt solution could be utilized repeatedly to regenerate Al form resins.     

油罐常用环氧煤沥青涂层的防护寿命研究

利用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）测试技术,研究储油罐起防护作用的环氧煤沥青涂层逐渐被破坏后的阻抗变化规律。结果表明,涂层上孔洞面积增大到一定程度时,10mHz频率处10^3Ω数量级的总阻抗值是判定环氧煤沥青涂层防护性能失效的量值。     

纳米Fe2O3与纳米SiO2对石英砂表面改性的制备工艺优化研究

以普通石英砂滤料为原材料,纳米Fe2O3、纳米SiO2为改性剂,环氧树脂为粘结剂,表面负载量和附着强度为评价指标,通过正交试验与固定因素不同水平连续性试验等方法,制备了两种纳米氧化物改性石英砂(Nano-oxide coated sand,Nano-OCS).同时,研究了不同制备因素对Nano-OCS表面氧化铁负载量和附着强度的影响,并探讨Nano-OCS制备工艺的最佳优化条件.结果表明,水浴加热过程对改性剂和粘结剂进行慢速搅拌,最佳转速为50r·min-1,时间为45min,烘干时间1h,温度(120±5)℃,纳米Fe2O3(65.8g·L-1)与未改性石英砂(RQS)的最佳投加比(体积质量比,下同)为C=0.23mL·g-1,改性剂环氧树脂(99%)溶液与RQS的最佳投加比为C1=0.035mL·g-1,纳米SiO2(10g·L-1)与RQS的最佳投加比为C2=0.17mL·g-1,在最优条件下制备的样品负载量和有机物吸附率均达到92%.投加过量时,有机物吸附率明显减小.与传统的低温碱性沉积法或高温煅烧制得的Nano-OCS相比,加入了粘结剂环氧树脂,用低温水浴固化的方法所制得的Nano-OCS,负载量提高了约8倍,脱附率降低70%以上.本法采用无添加剂的粘结剂,表面改性后不会对水体产生二次污染.     

环氧云铁与聚氨酯涂层间剥离原因分析

目的剖析沿海某大型工程钢结构环氧云铁与聚氨酯涂层间剥离的原因。方法采用质谱分析仪剖析该聚氨酯涂料的成分,采用离子色谱仪及电导率仪检测所形成聚氨酯氟碳涂膜表面的铵基盐分,环境扫描电镜对剥离涂膜表面观察。结果聚氨酯涂料中含有高沸点溶剂三甲苯、四甲苯,在聚氨酯氟碳复合涂膜与环氧云铁界面之间存在铵基盐物质,通过电镜微观观察发现涂膜固化不完全和微孔存在。结论聚氨酯氟碳涂膜发生可剥离的原因有以下方面,由于聚氨酯涂料中含有高沸点溶剂,挥发时在涂膜中形成微孔;环氧云铁由于低温下环氧固化反应滞缓,与环境中的CO2,H2O反应,生成了氨基甲酸铵盐;氨基甲酸盐在海洋环境下形成水溶物,富集于环氧云铁涂膜和聚氨酯涂膜相粘结的界面处,降低了附着力,从而产生聚氨酯氟碳涂膜严重可剥离现象。     

环氧固化剂及其应用与发展

介绍了环氧固化剂的分类,包括显在型与潜伏型两大类,显在型主要有胺类、酸酐类、合成树脂类以及硫醇类,潜伏型以双氰胺和咪唑类为主。详细论述了各种环氧固化剂的优缺点,胺类可室温固化,酸酐类综合性能优异,合成树脂类与硫醇类分别具有耐化学性能与防腐性能。简述了多元胺类、叔胺类与咪唑类固化剂及固化机理,即通过固化剂中的活性原子进攻环氧基,开环加成形成交联结构并赋予环氧树脂性能。最后叙述了各类固化剂在胶黏剂与涂料中的应用,并展望了其在耐热性能、力学性能、绿色环保方面的发展趋势。     

Adsorption of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions by aminated hypercrosslinked polymers

Two novel polymers （NJ-1 and N J-2） were synthesized by chemically modified a hypercrosslinked polymer NJ-0 with dimethylamine and trimethylamine, respectively. The comparison of the adsorption properties of the three polymers toward phenol, resorcin and phloroglucin was made. The study focused on the static equilibrium adsorption behaviors and the adsorption thermodynamics. Freundlich equation was found to fit the adsorption results well. The effect of amino groups introduced onto the surface of the resin and the structure of phenolic compounds on the adsorption were also studied. The hydrogen-bonding interaction and electrostatic interaction could happen between the amino groups and the adsorbates. The adsorption impetus increased as quantity of hydroxyl groups increased, but the adsorption capacity decreased due to the drop of the matching degree of the aperture of resins and the diameter of adsorbate molecules.     

氨荒酸膦酸树脂滤器的制备及其在AAS分析中的应用研究

介绍了氨荒酸膦酸树脂过滤器的制备方法,以及应用该过滤器分离与富集地面水(海水)中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd等元素的适用条件。实际样品中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd等重金属离子经过过滤器过滤,被吸附在树脂滤层中,用少量酸洗脱,以AAS测试,结果稳定、准确度高。此过滤器在痕量分析中具有很高的应用价值。     

Sorption of the herbicides diquat and difenzoquat from aqueous medium by polymeric resins in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate: Kinetic and mechanistic study

The goal of this work was to propose a novel method for the solid-phase extraction of the herbicides diquat (DQT²⁺) and difenzoquat (DFQT⁺) from aqueous medium using polymeric Amberlite XAD-2 and XAD-4 resins in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). The addition of SDS to the medium was of fundamental importance in order to allow the formation of a negatively charged surface able to sorb the cationic solutes. Several factors that could influence the sorption process, such as SDS concentration in the medium, sorbent mass, pH, ionic strength, and initial concentration of the solutes were investigated. Kinetic studies were also performed to model the system and to identify the mechanisms that operate the sorption process of the herbicides. SDS concentration in the medium presented remarkable influence on the extraction efficiency, achieving maximum values when the ratios [SDS]/[herbicide] were approximately 90, for XAD-2, and 22 and 11 for DQT²⁺ and DFQT⁺, respectively, for XAD-4. The sorption process followed a pseudo second-order kinetic in all cases studied. It was also found that an intraparticle diffusion process controlled exclusively the sorption of the herbicides by the Amberlite XAD-2 and XAD-4 resins in the first 15 min, becoming less active with time.     

长链季铵盐的絮凝性能

采用FTIR技术对自制的长链季铵盐絮凝剂环氧丙基十二烷基二甲基氯化铵进行了表征,研究了该絮凝剂对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝效果,考察了絮凝剂加入量、溶液pH和絮凝时间对絮凝率的影响;并与常用絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺的絮凝效果进行了对比。表征结果显示,合成的目标产物为环氧丙基十二烷基二甲基氯化铵。实验结果表明：在絮凝剂加入量8 mg/L、溶液pH 9、絮凝时间50 min的条件下,絮凝率达到84.84%;在相同絮凝剂加入量的条件下,环氧丙基十二烷基二甲基氯化铵的絮凝效果优于聚丙烯酰胺。     

铁屑微电解法预处理环氧树脂废水的研究

采用铁屑微电解法预处理环氧树脂废水,试验结果表明:经微电解处理后的废水,COD和色度的去除率分别达到52%和80 %,BOD5/COD从0.18提高到0.45,废水的可生化性得到显著提高.通过正交试验考察pH、反应时间、铁屑用量及反应温度对处理效果的影响,并对各因素做单因素影响试验,确定了最佳工艺条件.