水处理超滤系统经济技术分析研究

水源的污染和饮用水水质标准的提高促进了饮用水深度净化技术的发展.作为饮用水深度净化的主要工艺之一,超滤膜技术在应用中需要进一步解决成本核算的问题.超滤系统的经济技术分析与原水水质紧密相关,因为不同原水水质对膜的污染程度不同,渗透通量不同,从而导致成本不同.本章从超滤膜过滤成本模型出发,结合污水深度处理的实践,进行了超滤系统的成本估算.从超滤膜过滤成本模型出发,结合污水深度处理的实践,进行了超滤系统的成本估算.     

惠济河水质管理信息系统的研制

把管理信息系统应用于水质管理,采用一维稳态多河段水质模型,建立了惠济河水质管理信息系统.该系统由水质监测数据的管理、水质的模拟预测和水质评价三部分组成,实现了数据的输入、存储、修改、删除和查询以及生成报表和数据图形的打印等功能,为水污染防治、水资源可持续开发利用和社会经济持续发展提供信息技术支持.     

长三角地区火电行业主要大气污染物排放估算

以2012年为基准年,利用排放因子法估算了长三角地区火电行业主要大气污染物(SO2、NOx、烟尘、PM10、PM2.5)排放.其中,SO2、NOx、烟尘、PM10、PM2.5的排放量分别为473 238、1 566 195、587 713、348 773、179 820 t.对于SO2和NOx,300 MW以上机组的贡献分别为85%和82%;烟尘、PM10和PM2.5方面,100 MW以下的机组贡献占比分别为81%、53%和40%.地区贡献方面,由大到小依次为江苏、浙江和上海.另通过对上海地区多家电厂不同等级机组污染排放数据进行统计计算,得出上海地区300 MW以上等级机组的污染物排放因子,对比分析可知,上海地区火电厂污染物排放因子水平总体较低.假设长三角地区火电行业同等级机组均与现在上海地区机组排放水平相当,则行业排放SO2可削减55.8%~65.3%,NOx可以削减50.5%~64.1%,烟尘可以削减3.4%~11.3%.若能提高较小等级机组的发电技术和污染控制水平,各污染物排放削减量可进一步提高.然而,根据长三角地区实际污染情况,应综合因素考虑火电行业削减排放,以促进区域空气质量不断改善.     

国外家畜粪便肥料成分含量快速预测方法的研究

研究家畜粪便的物理指标与其肥料成分含量的关系,用来预测家畜粪便肥料成分含量.目前国外主要研究的预测家畜粪便肥料成分含量的物理指标主要有:干物质含量、比重、电导率、流变学特性、pH值及几个指标的组合.研究表明,预测牛、奶牛和猪粪便中氮和磷的含量可用比重和干物质含量,并且用比重代替干物质含量更易于实现畜禽粪便营养成分含量的快速和在线检测;电导率可预测牛、猪粪便中铵态氮和钾的含量;此外家畜粪便的流变学特性ln(k)和pH值也可用来预测某些成分,但效果较差.同时采用某2个物理指标来预测的效果优于单个指标的预测效果.     

The indicator performance estimate approach to determining acceptable wilderness conditions

Using data from a study conducted in the Cranberry Wilderness Area of West Virginia, United States, this paper describes how a modified importance—performance approach can be used to prioritize wilderness indicators and determine how much change from the pristine is acceptable. The approach uses two key types of information: (1) indicator importance, or visitor opinion as to which wilderness indicators have the greatest influence on their experience, and (2) management performance, or the extent to which actual indicator conditions exceed or are within visitor expectations. Performance was represented by calculating indicator performance estimates (IPEs), as defined by standardized differences between actual conditions and visitor preferences for each indicator. The results for each indicator are then presented graphically on a four-quadrant matrix for objective interpretation. Each quadrant represents a management response: keep up the good work, concentrate here, low priority, or possible overkill. The technique allows managers to more systematically and effectively utilize information routinely collected during the limits of acceptable change wilderness planning process. This paper is submitted with the approval of the Director of the West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station as Scientific Article No. 541. The study was funded in part, through a grant from the USDA Forest Service, Monongahela National Forest.     

煤矿企业成长性评价指标与评价方法

本文从煤矿企业生产经营和技术的特点出发,用总资产收益率及增长率与每元经营现金流量及增长率,来定量描述企业成长性的量的表现,从而构造了企业成长性评价指标体系和综合评价方法,定量地测度企业成长性。用企业技术五要素结构分析方法,具体研究了煤矿企业的技术结构,用未确定测度理论定量测度企业技术含量及增长率,来描述煤矿企业成长性的质的表现。根据煤矿企业的特点,研究煤矿企业的成长性及其建立适合煤炭评价指标和方法,为矿业企业可持续发展进行理论指导。     

成果参照法在自然生态环境价值评估中的应用现状及展望

成果参照法作为自然生态环境价值评估的重要方法之一,越来越受到关注。目前国外对于该方法的研究已经比较成熟,但是国内这方面的研究还比较薄弱,尤其是相应的实证研究较少,有关该方法及其应用现状的总结与研究展望尚未见报道。在回顾国外成果参照法研究进展的基础上,总结、分析了国内的研究现状及其存在问题,最后结合国内外最新的研究动态,提出一些改进意见与研究展望。此项工作对于中国成果参照法研究的深化和拓展具有重要的指导意义。     

电子设备的可靠性设计

对电子设备的可靠性设计进行了介绍,其中包括可靠性设计的任务和意义、可靠性设计基本任务、电子设备可靠性设计的基本方法等,其目的在于提高电子设备的可靠性和质量.     

Multi-indicator assessment of water environment in government environmental auditing

This study focused on a multi-indicator assessment methodology for governmental environmental auditing of water protection programs. The environmental status of Wuli Lake in China was assessed using the global indicators （driver-status-response） developed by the Commission on Sustainable Development, and four additional indicators proposed by the author： water quality, pollution load, aquatic ecosystem status, and lake sediment deposition. Various hydrological, chemical, biological and environmental parameters were used to estimate the values of the indicators for assessment of environmental status of the lake based on time series data sets for twenty years. The indicators proposed can be customized to meeting the needs for particular assessment of water protection programs. This method can be used to evaluate the performance of national environmental protection programs and provide technical support for environmental auditors.     

Estimate of zearalenone exposure through the intake of white and brown rice in the Korean population

Rice samples (n = 482) harvested for 2010–2012 in South Korea were analyzed for zearalenone content by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. The exposure of the Korean populations was assessed by a deterministic approach. Because the proportion of non-detectable results was >80% in white rice but less than <60% in brown rice, the zearalenone levels for white rice were reported as 0.52 µg kg^?1 as lower bound and 2.54 µg kg^?1 as upper bound, while for brown rice the middle bound value was 13.9 µg kg^?1. The average dietary intake of zearalenone from white and brown rice by the Korean population was estimated to be 1.5 ng kg^?1 body weight (bw) day^?1 each. For heavy consumers, the average intakes were 18.5 and 10.1 ng kg^?1 bw day^?1, respectively. The age groups with the highest zearalenone intake were 1–2-year-old children for white rice and 3–6-year-old children for brown rice. Overall, the dietary exposure of the Korean population to zearalenone from white and brown rice was found to be lower than the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of 0.5 μg kg^?1 bw day^?1.