MiRNA-451 is a potential biomarker for estrogenicity in mouse uterus

The uterotrophic assay has been commonly used to test environmental estrogens in vivo, however, it is often not sensitive enough sometimes. An alternative way is to evaluate estrogenicity through biomarker genes. MicroRNA （miRNA） is a class of regulatory gene, which has been shown to be a good biomarker for many diseases and toxicological effects in recent years, and some evidences showed that estrogen induced response was partially mediated by miRNAs. In this study, two types of microarrays were used to test the 17[3-estradiol （E2） induced miRNA expression profile at different time points in the immature mouse uterus. Statistical analysis showed the aldehyde slide based array had less variation than the amino slide based array, and 11 dysregulated miRNAs were screened out for significant fold change. Real-time PCR was performed to further confirm that 4 out of 7 selected miRNAs, namely miR-451, miR-155, miR-335- 5p, and miR-365, are E2 regulated miRNAs in the uterus. The function of the predicted targets of these miRNAs is involved in cell grow control, which is consistent with the main E2 function in the uterus. MiR-451 had similar strong responses to E2 in the uterus of both immature and overiectomized mice, and could be a potential biomarker for estrogenicity in the uterus.     

双酚AF诱导乳腺癌细胞增殖的分子机制

从细胞水平上研究不同浓度双酚AF （BPAF）对MCF-7人乳腺癌细胞系的细胞增殖能力、细胞凋亡、细胞周期等终点的影响;以新型雌激素膜受体GPER1介导的PI3K/Akt和ERK1/2信号通路为靶点,研究低浓度BPAF对该信号通路相关基因表达的影响,以及其在诱导乳腺癌细胞增殖中的作用,评估其增殖效应机制.结果表明,低浓度BPAF （0.001~1μmol/L）能够诱导MCF-7细胞的增殖,使S期细胞比例升高,并且激活雌激素信号通路相关基因mRNA的表达;在较高浓度时（>10μmol/L）能抑制细胞活力,诱导细胞凋亡.通过特异性靶点抑制剂发现GPER1在mRNA层面上激活了PI3K/Akt和ERK1/2信号通路,并且该信号通路的激活可能是BPAF引起MCF-7细胞增殖的关键机制,并且ERα也在其中起到了重要的作用.     

药品和个人护理用品(PPCPs)对环境的污染现状与研究进展

在过去的30多年中，有关有毒污染物的研究主要集中在工业化学物质和农药上。近5年多来，国外已经开始关注药品和个人护理用品（PPCPs）对环境的污染，但在我国还没有引起重视。国外的研究表明，合成麝香物质、显影剂、抗生素、雌激素、消炎止痛药、杀菌消毒剂等与人类生活密切相关的药品和个人护理用品在环境中普遍存在，但是其质量浓度通常非常低，多数情况下在ng/L～μg/L水平。粪便施肥和污水排放是PPCPs进入环境的主要途径。在常见的PPCPs中，抗生素和消炎止痛药在环境中检测出的频率最高，在地表水、地下水、饮用水、污泥、土壤等环境介质中，PPCPs在地表水中检测出的频率最高。目前关于PPCPs的研究主要集中在分析方法以及环境污染水平的调查，有关PPCPs在环境中的迁移转化规律，生态与健康风险以及PPCPs污染控制技术等方面的研究有待加强。     

四川妇女血清中多溴联苯醚的浓度水平与组成特征

用气相色谱-质谱的选择离子法测定四川省妇女血清中多溴联苯醚的质量浓度,并对其组成特征及主要来源进行了研究.在被测的11种多溴联苯醚当中,BDE-209是主要成分,质量浓度从0.12～2.38μg.L-1,中值为0.63μg.L-1,占多溴联苯醚总量的质量分数为63.57%～90.34%,其次是BDE-66、-99和-100,其它多溴联苯醚几乎没有检出,表明污染主要来自十溴联苯醚,其次是四溴和五溴联苯醚.实验结果与其它国家的数据相比,表明多溴联苯醚对普通妇女的污染在四川还处于一个较低的水平.     

内分泌干扰物在城市污水处理厂中的行为和归趋：综述

内分泌干扰物作为一类新型污染物,由于其在环境水体中微量的浓度即可对野生动物产生内分泌干扰效应,因此引起了人们的广泛关注.本文以两类主要内分泌干扰物(即类固醇雌激素和酚类内分泌干扰物)作为研究对象,综述了它们在城市污水处理厂中的浓度水平以及相应的去除效率,并探讨了不同生物处理工艺、运行操作条件等对去除效率的影响.此外,通...     

气提式三重循环生物膜反应器处理制药废水中的甾体雌激素

为验证气提式三重循环生物膜反应器处理甾体雌激素的效能,建立了一套SPE/HPLC/MS/MS分析方法,对反应器进、出水中的甾体雌激素--甾酮(E1),17β-雌二醇(E2),雌三醇(E3)以及17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)进行检测.该方法的加标回收率为88%～103%,精密度为4%～9%.该方法对E1,E2,E3和EE2的进水定量限(LOQ)分别为0.7,0.8,0.9和0.5 ng/L;对出水的定量限分别为2.0,1.0,2.0和 1.0 ng/L.CODCr和氨氮容积负荷最高为7.5和1.6 kg/(m3·d),出水依然能够保持稳定.进水pH稳定在9.0～10.5,而反应器的pH一直稳定在9.0以下,体系对pH变化造成的冲击比较适应.同时,反应器内形成了稳定的NO2--N积累,CODCr和氨氮的去除率分别达到了70%和73%.     

环境荷尔蒙概述

环境荷尔蒙对环境的污染以及对内分泌的干扰作用已经引起世界各国的广泛关注。叙述了环境荷尔蒙的概念、种类和危害，并且对环境荷尔蒙的监测分析方法进行评述。     

典型畜禽粪污中雌激素排放特征

为探究畜禽粪污中雌激素的排放水平和分布特征,采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱（SPE-HPLC-MS/MS）分析方法,对上海市典型畜禽养殖类型（猪、奶牛、鸡）排放粪污样品中雌激素含量进行测定.结果表明:猪场粪便、沼渣肥、还田土壤、尿液和沼液样品中5种雌激素（E1,雌酮;E2,雌二醇;E3,雌三醇;EE2,炔雌醇;DES,己烯雌酚）总量分别为94.5 ng/g、35.1 ng/g、0.1 ng/g和8 882.2 ng/L、4 388.6 ng/L,其中E1是排泄物中最主要的雌激素;奶牛场粪便、堆肥、还田土壤、尿液、污水进水及出水样品中雌激素总量分别为84.6 ng/g、16.2 ng/g、0.1 ng/g和2 636.7 ng/L、2 605.6 ng/L、615.7 ng/L,其中E1和E2含量最高;鸡场粪便和堆肥样品中雌激素总量分别为60.9和17.5 ng/g.研究显示,猪场、奶牛场和鸡场排泄物中均含有一定数量的天然和人工合成雌激素,雌激素含量水平总体表现为粪便高于有机肥、尿液高于污水;通过畜禽粪污向环境中排放的雌激素总量表现为猪场>奶牛场>鸡场;厌氧发酵对猪场污水中雌激素具有一定的去除效果,而污水厌氧-好氧净化处理和固体粪高温好氧堆肥对奶牛场排泄物中雌激素具有较高的去除效果.      

Environmental transport of endogenous dairy manure estrogens

Although estrogens originating from dairy manure applied to agricultural soils as a fertilizer can potentially contaminate surface water and groundwater, the variables that control transport are poorly understood. Our objective was to assess the potential for off-site movement of endogenous dairy cattle estrogens when manure is applied on fields at agronomically relevant fertilization rates. Estrone (E1), 17α-estradiol (α-E2), and 17β-estradiol (β-E2) were used in laboratory sorption, desorption, and transformation incubations with both manure and an agriculturally relevant soil. Sorption on manure containing 44% organic carbon exceeded sorption on soil containing 0.8% organic carbon by 20 to 150 times, following the pattern of β-E2 > α-E2 > E1. Approximately 20% of E1 and 17% of α-E2 were desorbed from manure, whereas only about 4% of β-E2 was desorbed. Thirty to seventy percent of α-E2 and β-E2 were converted to E1 in soil and manure, making it imperative that transformation reactions be considered when predicting transport and potential biological effects in the environment. Overall results indicate that high organic carbon concentrations and relatively low amounts of desorption inhibit the potential for off-site transport of endogenous dairy manure estrogens.     

酵母双杂交技术构建重组人雌激素受体基因酵母

应用酵母双杂交技术构建重组人雌激素受体基因酵母,用以检测类/抗雌激素化合物和环境样品的类/抗雌激素活性.采用多聚酶链反应(PCR)法扩增人雌激素受体(hER)基因,构建诱饵质粒pGBKT7-ER LBD;分别提取并纯化两种含有ER共激活因子基因的靶质粒pGAD424-GRIP1和pGAD424-SRC1;诱饵质粒和靶质粒同时转染酵母细胞Y187,于营养缺陷型培养基(SD/-Trp/-Leu)上筛选阳性菌落,分别构建两种ER双杂交酵母ER+GRIP1和ER+SRC1.考察双杂交酵母与不同激素:17β-雌二醇(E2)、二氢睾酮(DHT)、孕酮(PG)以及三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)的结合情况,并考察了雌激素受体拮抗剂4-羟基他莫昔芬(4-OHT)与酵母的相互作用.结果表明:ER+GRIP1和ER+SRC1酵母均能够专一性的和E2结合,并存在显著的剂量-效应关系,E2对ER+GRIP1和ER+SRC1酵母β-半乳糖苷酶活性诱导的EC50值分别为7.3×10-11mol·L-1和1.5×10-10mol·L-1,其中ER+GRIP1酵母细胞诱导产生的酶活性值明显高于ER+SRC1酵母细胞.4-OHT能够抑制E2诱导ER+GRIP1酵母细胞产生的酶活性,并存在显著的剂量-效应关系,IC50值为1.0×10-7mol·L-1.表明重组人雌激素受体基因酵母可以用于检测化合物和环境样品的类/抗雌激素活性.