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171.
Katriina Tiira Anssi Laurila Katja Enberg Jorma Piironen Sami Aikio Esa Ranta Craig R. R. Primmer 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2006,59(5):657-665
A key question of evolutionary importance is what factors influence who becomes dominant. Individual genetic variation has been found to be associated with several fitness traits, including behaviour. Could it also be a factor influencing social dominance? We investigated the association between social status and the amount of intra-individual genetic variation in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta). Genetic variation was estimated using 12 microsatellite loci. Dominant individuals had higher mean heterozygosity than subordinates in populations with the longest hatchery background. Heterozygosity–heterozygosity correlations did not find any evidence of inbreeding; however, single-locus analysis revealed four loci that each individually differed significantly between dominant and subordinate fish, thus giving more support to local than general effect as the mechanism behind the observed association between genetic diversity and a fitness-associated trait. We did not find any significant relation between mean d 2 and social status, or internal relatedness and social status. Our results suggest that individual genetic variation can influence dominance relations, but manifestation of this phenomenon may depend on the genetic background of the population. 相似文献
172.
In temperate regions, older eusocial hymenopteran females with annual life cycles (annual-temperate) tend to dominate younger females, a behavior demonstrated by many Polistes. However, in queenless ponerine ants and primitively eusocial tropical wasps (perennial/tropical), a younger female can be dominant and occasionally takes over from the older, most dominant reproductive female, the alpha. We investigated these patterns using an inclusive fitness model. The most important difference between the above two cases lay in the length of individual life compared with colony life. Colonies dissolve before winter in the annual-temperate case, so the expected future tenure of the replacement alpha is never longer than that of the original alpha. This makes the non-reproductive subordinate tactic more advantageous for individuals that emerge later in the season because of the fitness cost of superseding. The perennial/tropical case does not have a clear upper limit for colony longevity, so the model predicts that late-born younger daughters are more likely to challenge their mother-alpha because of the expected long future tenure of the new alpha compared with the small indirect cost of the mothers reproductive failure. To switch tactics from being a subordinate to being the new alpha is only optimal in some situations. The high mortality rate of subordinate workers does not qualitatively alter the above pattern. The specific sexual production schedule of the colony sometimes affects the optimal behavior of females in the perennial/tropical case, and older individuals can dominate younger ones when the end of current round of sexual production is imminent.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at 相似文献
173.
生物难降解有机污染物微生物处理技术的进展 总被引:22,自引:2,他引:22
耗氧有机污染物的微生物处理技术已日趋完善,研究重点转向生物难解污染物处理,文章详细阐述了几种生物难降解污染物微生物处理技术的研究进展:(1)几种污染物的高效降解微生物的分离培养以及这些高效降解微生物的降解效率和最佳降解条件研究。(2)利用微生物共代谢作用降解污染物的研究,为一些难以作为微生物唯一碳源和能源的污染物生物降解提供一条有效的途径;(3)利用基因工程技术创建高效降解菌的研究,该项技术在提高 相似文献
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辽宁大伙房水库水质变化趋势研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
于1979-2003年调查了大伙房水库理化指标,对水质变化趋势进行了研究。入库和库区水体总氮、总磷含量多年平均分别为1.61mg·l-1和0.036mg·l-1;1.23mg·l-1和0.036mg·l-1,均超过国家地表入库Ⅲ和库区Ⅱ类水质标准。库区其他17项水化指标符合国家地表水库区Ⅱ类标准。大伙房水库水体只受到轻度污染,水质等级为近Ⅱ级,属浮游植物响应型中营养水体。 相似文献
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秸秆发电的现状和展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了秸秆发电的重要意义以及在国内外的发展现状,分析了秸秆发电存在的问题,并提出相应的解决办法,最后展望了秸秆发电在国内的市场前景。 相似文献