支持向量机用于芳烃类化合物对芳烃受体亲和性QSAR研究

尝试将支持向量机(SVM)应用于3种典型芳烃类环境毒物(PCDD,PCDF和PCB)定量构效关系研究,通过对芳烃受体亲和性考察,结果发现该组样本的生物活性在一定程度上与分子电性距离矢量具有非线性联系.SVM对内部和外部样本都具良好稳定性能和预测能力:所得模型拟合、交叉检验、外部预测复相关系数及均方根误差分别为R2cum=0.922、Q2cum=0.825、Q2ext=0.834和RMSext=0.531将其与文献报道及多元线性回归、偏最小二乘、人工神经网络进行比较,结果表明对小样本、非线性问题SVM具较强拓展性及泛化能力,故在环境毒物评价和控制中具有广阔应用前景.     

环境和质量管理体系一体化实质分析

阐述了过程方法在ISO14001（2004版）环境管理体系标准和ISO9001（2000版）质量管理体系标准中的运用。介绍了过程的概念、过程特性的概念、过程的输入和输出要求。分析了环境管理体系和质量管理体系一体化的实质及其意义。指出一体化管理体系不是将2个标准中要素的要求简单叠加。     

精对苯二甲酸残渣的处理现状及综合利用

综述了国内外精对苯二甲酸（PTA）生产企业的残渣处理概况和残渣中有价物质的回收方法：提出了PTA残渣的控制和综合利用思路，分析了PTA残渣综合利用的经济效益。     

胞外聚合物对浸没式膜-生物反应器膜过滤性能的影响

通过浸没式膜-生物反应器（SMBR）处理上海市城市内河水的试验,研究了反应器混合液中和2种疏水性不同的膜上污泥胞外聚合物（EPS）的量、组成、污泥特性及对膜过滤性能的影响.结果表明,混合液污泥中的溶解性EPS和固着性EPS比膜上污泥多,不同污泥的固着性EPS组分中蛋白质（EPSP）/多糖（EPSC）的大小顺序依次为混合液污泥〈亲水膜污泥〈疏水膜污泥.疏水膜污泥中溶解性EPS比亲水膜多,溶解性EPS和固着性EPS量及组分均有很大差异.混合液污泥的EPS流动性大,疏水性膜上污泥EPS的流动性较大.溶解性EPS对污泥特性及膜过滤性能影响较大.SMBR中亲、疏水性膜片上黏附的污泥的相对疏水性分别为53%、59%.比较2种膜片通量的变化发现,疏水性膜污染严重.     

废旧电子电气设备的资源化与无害化技术

数量巨大的废旧电子电气设备已成为威胁我国环境的重要固体废弃物,同时也是丰富的再生资源,介绍了国内外回收处理废弃电子电气设备的现状,讨论了当前处理利用废弃电子电气设备方面存在的主要问题,并根据废旧电子电气设备的特点,就其拆卸、电子塑料的处理以及有毒有害物质的分离等技术提出了研究开发建议。     

ACCU采样和PIXE技术用于PM10污染溯源的研究

使用美国RP公司生产的多通道自动采样系统(ACCU)在上海吴淞工业区进行冬季3个月8个不同风向的PM10采样；使用质子激发X荧光发射方法(PIXE)测定颗粒物中18个无机元素浓度．结果发现，8个风向的质量浓度分布取决于不同方位的大气质量状况．将大气颗粒物中的元素浓度作为环境污染指纹，8个方位的无机元素浓度分布与采样点周围的居民住宅、道路交通和工矿企业的排放密切相关，表明该方法能准确地确定排放源的范围和污染来源．研究结果表明，ACCU采样系统和PIXE分析技术的优化组合可为大气污染溯源、治理和改善环境空气质量提供一种快速和准确可靠的新方法．     

A new design of groundwater sampling device and its application

Compounds in the atmosphere contaminate samples of groundwater. An inexpensive and simple method for collecting groundwater samples is developed to prevent contamination when the background concentration of contaminants is high. This new design of groundwater sampling device involves a glass sampling bottle with a Teflon-lined valve at each end. A cleaned and dried sampling bottle was connected to a low flow-rate peristaltic pump with Teflon tubing and was filled with water. No headspace volume was remained in the sampling bottle. The sample bottle was then packed in a PVC bag to prevent the target component from infiltrating into the water sample through the valves. In this study, groundwater was sampled at six wells using both the conventional method and the improved method. The analysis of trichlorofluoromethane（ CFC-11 ） concentrations at these six wells indicates that all the groundwater samples obtained by the conventional sampling method were contaminated by CFC-11 from the atmosphere. The improved sampling method greatly eliminated the problems of contamination, preservation and quantitative analysis of natural water.     

载银活性碳纤维对大肠杆菌吸附作用的研究

以大肠杆菌（Ｅｓｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａｃｏｌｉ）为对象，通过细菌吸附实验研究了载银活性碳纤维（ＡＣＦ（Ａｇ））对大肠杆菌的吸附特性．借助扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）进行细菌分布形态的观察和细菌数量的计算．结果表明，大肠杆菌易分布于ＡＣＦ（Ａｇ）表面的沟槽处；ＡＣＦ（Ａｇ）吸附的细菌数量随银含量、比表面积的增加而增大．此外，细菌吸附量还与ＡＣＦ（Ａｇ）表面银颗粒的大小有关．对吸附细菌的动力学亦进行了研究．     

国外包装废物的处理技术动向

在欧、美、日等西方国家，废包装材料已成为主要的固体废物之一，其环境污染问题日益受到关注。本文较全面地介绍废包装材料的填埋、焚烧、循环回用、再资源化利用和减少使用包装材料等五种重要技术动击与途径。还重点介绍了美国的ＰＥＴ瓶的资源再利用，以及德国建立严格的包装废物法规和完善的处理系统的概况。     

First and early second-trimester diagnosis of fetal urinary tract anomalies using transvaginal sonography

Urinary tract anomalies are common. Prenatal diagnosis is important and enables either special obstetric management or termination of pregnancy and probably in the future, intrauterine intervention. Transvaginal sonography (TVS) allows visualization of the normal and anomalous fetal urinary tract at an early stage. One thousand nine hundred and forty women were examined via TVS at an early stage of pregnancy between 10 and 16 weeks from the last menstrual period (LMP) and 35 anomalies (1·8 per cent) were clearly identified: 29 cases of low urinary tract obstruction, 2 cases of multicystic dysplastic kidney, 2 cases of polycystic kidney (infantile type), 1 case of double collecting system, and 1 case of horseshoe kidney. Potter syndrome could be ruled out in three patients who had delivered fetuses suffering from this anomaly in previous pregnancies. The concise and early identification of anomalies makes TVS an important aid in the hands of the obstetrician, ultrasonographer, and neonatologist.