某雷达操控台环境工程及可靠性设计

本文主要介绍和分析了某雷达操控台环境工程设计及可靠性技术,根据该雷达的特点及各组成设备,对操控台进行了热环境设计、可靠性、维修性设计、人机工程及电磁兼容设计等,设计分析表明,该雷达操控台能够满足雷达使用要求.     

农田生态系统管理与非点源污染控制

随着化肥和农药大量使用,农业非点源污染已经成为全球水污染的主要来源．不同农田管理措施,如免耕、少耕、传统耕作方式,化肥和农药的使用量、使用方式以及使用季节,灌溉的不同方式,如沟灌、淹灌和喷灌等与农业非点源污染形成之间均有密切的关系,通过农田景观设计来控制非点源污染,可望在控制农业非点源污染方面起到指导作用．     

Users' views of hospital environmental quality: Validation of the Perceived Hospital Environment Quality Indicators (PHEQIs)

Environmental Quality Perception (EQP) is an important construct used to help to understand the relationship between people and the hospital environment. From a patient-centered care perspective, it is important that hospital design take into account the patients' (and other users') point of view. This paper presents the adaptation and validation of a measure of hospital EQP, the Perceived Hospital Environment Quality Indicators (PHEQIs; Fornara, Bonaiuto, & Bonnes, 2006), and seeks to confirm the factor structure of this construct in a different cultural context. Three scales, two focusing on physical environments and one evaluating the social environment, were completed by 562 users of four orthopedic units in Portuguese hospitals, two older and two recently built or renovated. To assess criterion validity, hospital physical environments were also objectively evaluated by two architects. Using a confirmatory factor analysis the three validation procedures produced acceptable fit indices in the final measurement models. Overall reliability values were satisfactory, as was the evidence for criterion validity. PHEQIs scales and factors correlated with global evaluation of the environment, supporting concurrent criterion validity; and predictive criterion validity was demonstrated given that users of older and newer hospitals differed significantly on the perception of quality of hospital EQP, and that high congruence between users' and experts' evaluations was found. Discriminant construct validity was supported, and some difficulties in showing convergent validity are discussed in terms of item formulation adequacy. Implications for research and practice are described.     

浓磷酸预处理废弃棉织物回收葡萄糖和涤纶的优化

为了实现废弃棉织物的高效资源化利用,采用浓磷酸预处理,将棉纤维转化为葡萄糖,并回收高纯度涤纶.以磷酸浓度、磷酸与原料液固比、预处理温度和时间为研究对象,以涤纶回收纯度、葡萄糖收率为考察指标,采用中心组合设计(CCD),建立响应面模型对预处理工艺参数进行优化.并确定了最佳的浓磷酸预处理工艺条件为:磷酸质量分数85%,液固比15:1,预处理时间7 h,预处理温度50℃.在此条件下涤纶回收纯度可达100%,葡萄糖收率可达79.0%,且实验验证值与模型预测值较为接近,模型精度较高.此外,再生纤维素不经干燥直接酶水解,葡萄糖收率可被进一步提高至83.0%.     

The Impact-Likelihood Matrix: A policy tool for behaviour prioritisation

The proliferation of applied behaviour change science over the past decade has provided new ways of thinking about policy making. Policy makers now have a range of frameworks and methods to assist in formulating change for social and environmental benefits. However, the development of strategies for the identification and prioritisation of target behaviours has been less forthcoming. This paper outlines a tool to assist in behaviour selection. Behaviours are assessed for their potential impact on addressing a specific issue, the likelihood of adoption by the target audience and existing participation levels within the target audience. Each of these characteristics is scored, allowing behaviours to be mapped onto a meaningful, visual, matrix for prioritisation. Additional data on behaviour type and the key perceived barriers to participation in each behaviour are layered onto the matrix to provide direction for intervention design. An application of the prioritisation matrix is presented within an environmental context through a case study of water demand management behaviours for domestic consumers in Australia. The prioritisation matrix could provide a decision-making tool for policy makers to assist in the selection of target behaviours to address complex issues.     

SPME-G C法测试TCE、PCE条件的正交优化试验研究

运用正交设计方法对SPME-GC法测试三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯的固相微萃取条件进行优化。首先选择样品量、NaCl用量、萃取温度、萃取时间、解析温度等因素,设计5因素3水平正交试验方案。分析数据得到优化条件为NaCl用量30 g/L,萃取温度25℃,解析温度210℃,同时得出样品量与萃取时间是对试验结果具有显著意义的影响因素,采用二次回归正交组合设计试验对其进一步优化,并对结果进行回归分析,得到最优条件为样品量为5.5 mL,萃取时间为20.13 min。     

银、钕掺杂TiO_2催化光解甲基橙的实验研究

实验用水热合成法制备出银、钕掺杂TiO2催化剂粉体,然后以高压汞灯为光源,掺杂TiO2催化剂粉体为光化降解催化剂,探究对甲基橙模拟印染废水光催化分解的效果。光解实验研究采用正交设计法,以模拟废水浓度、催化剂用量、光照时间以及pH为因素,各因素选取4个水平,对催化光解甲基橙染料的降解率进行评价。分析结果表明:银、钕掺杂TiO2催化剂对甲基橙光化降解有良好的效果,最佳实验条件为:溶液pH为5,甲基橙的初始质量浓度为2 mg/L,催化剂投加量60 mg/L和光照时间80 min。在最佳条件下,连续光照8 h后甲基橙的降解率达到92%以上。     

基于裂区设计的大气能见度拟合及预测模型

通过收集分析广州能见度及影响因子数据的特征,使用R-project统计软件作为建模工具,采用多层裂区实验构建模型基本框架,选择影响显著的因子进行变量变形处理,对年、月、日、小时的数据特征进行层层分割设计,并在对应层次引入代表时间含义的虚拟变量以提高模型的表征水平,加入二次项、交叉项等提高模型的精度,得到拟合度高、适用性强的能见度拟合及预测模型。     

绿色设计方法——设计领域发展的新趋势

 简要地介绍了设计领域发展的新趋势—绿色设计的基本思想，综述了绿色设计各主要研究领域的现状和问题以及发展趋势，阐明了我国开展绿色设计的研究与应用的必要性与可行性．     

有机污染场地原位热脱附工程尾水尾气的处理技术进展

污染场地原位热脱附过程不可避免地产生尾水尾气,其处理技术普遍存在工艺设计不成熟、污染物脱附规律认识不明晰、二次污染控制措施薄弱等问题,缺乏具有针对性的技术装备研发和应用指导。通过分析污染场地原位热脱附工程尾水尾气处理技术的应用现状、污染物脱附规律和现有专利情况,总结归纳实际工程应用中应注意的问题,进而提出原位热脱附工程尾水尾气处理工艺的设计和设备选型建议,并展望进一步的应用及研究,以期为我国有机污染土壤原位热脱附修复技术的推广和应用提供参考。