国内地下式污水处理厂的设计要点

对目前国内在建和已建的地下式污水处理厂的设计要点进行了研究和总结。研究表明：地下式污水厂的工艺选择一般有MBBR和MBR工艺,结构形式主要为伸缩缝设计和无缝设计两种,建筑防火分区一般为2 000 m^2或以上;消防可以采用自动灭火系统和消火栓系统,局部变电站采用气体灭火系统。地下式污水处理厂投资较高,约为地上污水厂的两倍,但占地面积远远小于地上污水处理厂,可以节省大量的土地成本,同时地上绿化增加了城市的环境效益和社会效益。     

Statistical modeling of radiolytic (60Co g) degradation of Ofloxacin,antibiotic: Synergetic effect,kinetic studies & assessment of its degraded metabolites

Linear, interactive and quadratic effects of process parameters were studied. Degradation of Ofloxacin (Ofx) was related with G value of irradiation process. The synergistic effect of H₂O₂ on lower dose of g-irradiation was established. The process follows pseudo first order with dose constant (d = 0.232 kGy^–1). The impact of human activities in the past few decades has paved the way for the release of pollutants due to the improper effluent treatment. Recent studies revealed that, Ofloxacin, an antibiotic as one of the major pollutant affecting surface water and ground water. In this study, the radiolytic potential of Ofloxacin was investigated. The effects of pH, dose and concentration of Ofloxacin were analyzed using One Factor At a Time (OFAT) and the interactive effects between the parameters were studied using Face Centered Central Composite Design. The statistically optimised developed model shows 30% degradation at initial antibiotic concentration of 1mM at pH 3.0 and at 2 kGy dose of gamma ray. The process efficiency was evaluated in terms of G value and its correlation with the concentration of antibiotic was also established. The process of degradation was augmented by the addition of H₂O₂ (1.5 mM). The reaction kinetics for the process was evaluated, the dose rate constant and the rate of degradation for the augmented process was found to be 0.232 kGy^-1 and 0.232 mM/kGy, respectively. The degraded metabolites of the radiolytic degradation of Ofloxacin were analyzed through change in pH, reduction in TOC and GC-MS spectrum.     

Metallic wastewater treatment by sulfate reduction using anaerobic rotating biological contactor reactor under high metal loading conditions

An-RBC reactor is highly suited to treat metallic wastewater. Metal removal is due to sulfide precipitation via sulfate reduction by SRB. Cu(II) removal was the best among the different heavy metals. Maximum metal removal is achieved at low metal loading condition. Metal removal matched well with the solubility product values of respective metal sulfide salts. This study was aimed at investigating the performance of anaerobic rotating biological contactor reactor treating synthetic wastewater containing a mixture of heavy metals under sulfate reducing condition. Statistically valid factorial design of experiments was carried out to understand the dynamics of metal removal using this bioreactor system. Copper removal was maximum (>98%), followed by other heavy metals at their respective low inlet concentrations. Metal loading rates less than 3.7 mg/L?h in case of Cu(II); less than 1.69 mg/L?h for Ni(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Fe(III) and Cd(II) are favorable to the performance of the An-RBC reactor. Removal efficiency of the heavy metals from mixture depended on the metal species and their inlet loading concentrations. Analysis of metal precipitates formed in the sulfidogenic bioreactor by field emission scanning electron microscopy along with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX) confirmed metal sulfide precipitation by SRB. All these results clearly revealed that the attached growth biofilm bioreactor is well suited for heavy metal removal from complex mixture.     

破碎带宽度对断层活化及煤柱留设的影响研究

为研究不同宽度的断层破碎带对防水煤柱留设的影响,通过对断层活化进行力学分析,得出断层活化的必要条件是断层带内岩石的黏结系数小于等于临界值Cmax,且断层带所受法向应力与剪切应力是影响该临界值的主要因素。利用数值模拟软件,建立不同破碎带宽度的数值模型,对断层活化及煤柱留设进行模拟。结果表明:当工作面距断层60 m内时,由于黏结系数临界值Cmax的迅速减小,断层活化危险性显著提高,且断层破碎带宽度越大,断层越容易发生活化;通过分析采场塑性区分布图,得出煤柱临界尺寸随破碎带宽度的增加而呈线性增长的规律。研究结果对断层合理留设煤柱具有重要的参考价值。     

低强度胶结充填体相似材料配比试验研究

针对采用物理相似模拟试验模拟充填采矿法时,低强度胶结充填体相似材料配比参数选取问题,以石灰、高岭土、石膏、水和尾砂等作为相似材料,采用回归正交设计试验方法进行了充填体相似材料配比试验,开展了单轴压缩试验,获得了不同配比试样的单轴抗压强度、弹性模量和泊松比等力学试验指标。在此基础上总结了单轴抗压强度、弹性模量和泊松比3个试验指标关于石灰、高岭土、石膏和水4因素的回归方程,并分析了各因素对各试验指标的影响特征。通过物理相似模拟试验的实际应用证明了采用该配比方案总结的回归方程的有效性及相似充填体的良好相似性,该成果对胶结充填体相似材料配比的选取具有一定的参考价值和指导意义。     

基于参数化模型优化的喷氨格栅设计方法研究

从喷氨格栅工程设计要求出发,结合数值模拟分析、代理模型技术以及优化设计方法,提出了一套基于参数化模型优化的喷氨格栅设计方法和流程。该方法从工程设计要求的分析入手,根据喷氨格栅几何参数对喷氨特性的影响特点和规律,建立参数化设计数学模型,并通过优化计算最终获得喷氨格栅的最优设计。另外,通过实例计算验证了该设计方法在SCR脱硝系统喷氨格栅设计中的适用性。     

大功率半导体器件生产线的酸雾净化系统设计

介绍了大功率半导体器件生产线的酸雾净化系统设计,该系统可靠性高,结构合理,实现了对酸碱废气的净化处理,为类似工程的设计提供了参考。     

发酵法溶剂生产工艺的流程模拟与参数优化

对发酵法溶剂生产的精馏工艺流程采用化工流程模拟软件PROII进行了模拟。将复杂的流程分为醪塔子系统、丁塔子系统和乙丙子系统,采用液体活度系数模型NRTL和非理想物系的CHEMDIST算法,利用Distillation模块、Simple HX模块、Flash模块和Mixer模块分别进行模拟。流程模拟结果与实际运行结果吻合良好。在此基础上,以减少塔釜废液中溶剂含量为优化目标,利用中心组合设计(CCD)与PROII流程模拟相结合,对醪塔的部分操作参数进行了优化。优化后可使废液中溶媒含量减少至0.008%,远低于原工艺数据。     

Identifying Conservation Areas on the Basis of Alternative Distribution Data Sets

Abstract:  Distribution data on biodiversity features is a major component of conservation planning that are often inaccurate; thus, the true distribution of each feature is commonly over- or underrepresented. The selection of distribution data sets may therefore lead to variability in the spatial configuration and size of proposed reserve networks and uncertainty regarding the extent to which these networks actually contain the biodiversity features they were identified to protect. Our goals were to investigate the impact on reserve selection of choosing different distribution data sets and to propose novel methods to minimize uncertainty about target attainment within reserves. To do so, we used common prioritization methods (richness mapping, systematic reserve design, and a novel approach that integrates multiple types of distribution data) and three types of data on the distribution of mammals (predicted distribution models, occurrence records, and a novel combination of the two) to simulate the establishment of regional biodiversity reserves for the state of Arizona (U.S.A.). Using the results of these simulations, we explored variability in reserve placement and size as a function of the distribution data set. Spatial overlap of reserve networks identified with only predicted distribution data or only occurrence distribution data never exceeded 16%. In pairwise comparisons between reserves created with all three types of distribution data, overlap never achieved 50%. The reserve size required to meet conservation targets also varied with the type of distribution data used and the conservation goal; the largest reserve system was 10 times the smallest. Our results highlight the impact of employing different types of distribution data and identify novel tools for application to existing distribution data sets that can minimize uncertainty about target attainment.     

生态风景林理论在城市道路景观规划设计中的运用

城市生态风景林是城市森林的重要组成部分,在对城市生态风景林的理论进展和相关概念辨析的基础上,结合城市道路绿化现状和道路生态风景林的特征,创新性地提出以生态风景林理论指导城市道路景观规划设计,并以合肥方兴大道生态风景林规划设计为例,着重论述城市道路生态风景林规划设计的方法、理念和内容。