谷氨酰胺转胺酶（MTG）的中试生产条件

考察了5L罐中淀粉预处理方式对微生物谷氨酰胺转胺酶（MTG）酶活的影响,探讨了MTG中试生产过程的逐级放大原则,并将5L小罐实验结果放大到30L小试和300L中试规模,研究结果表明：采用经液化处理的工业淀粉培养基进行发酵,MTG酶活、MTG生产强度及MTG产率分别比未用液化淀粉培养基提高了32%,32%和70%;以单位培养液体积中空气流量（qv/V）相同及消耗的功率（po/V）相同的原则为放大依据,将5L罐实验结果放大至30L小试及300L中试规模,30L罐发酵MTG酶活和MTG生产强度均高于5L罐,300L罐中MTG酶活达到3.15u/mL,MTG的平均比合成速率达到2.68uh^-1g^-1,接近于5L罐的MTG平均比合成速率,表明本研究所采用的通气量、搅拌转速等放大原则是可行的。     

Vc二步发酵离体实验系统的建立

以氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌和巨大芽孢杆菌混合培养物的无细胞抽提液为基本反应液,在试管中建立了Vc二步发酵离体实验系统,将底物山梨糖加入反应体系后在pH7．0,35℃下保温24h,2－酮基－L－古龙酸生成,加入巨大芽孢杆菌胞外活性物质对离体系统的产酸没有影响,一定量的L－山梨糖脱氢酶可促进产酸,试验了pH、θ／℃、金属离子、电子受体、去污剂等对该系统产酸的影响,并就其作用机理进行了探讨,结果表明离体系统产酸的最适pH和θ／℃分别是8和．40℃,Fe^3 促进产酸,Co^2 抑制产酸2,6－二氯酚定酚作为电子受体促进细胞膜组分产酸,但对细胞质组分没有影响,Triton X-100和Tween80抑制产酸。     

在气升式可逆环流反应器中运用振荡气升操作进行甘油发酵(英文)

在耐高渗酵母Candidakrusei发酵生产甘油的过程中 ,为在基本不增加投资或操作强度的基础上进一步提高甘油的产率 ,本文采用了一种气升式可逆环流反应器 ,空气可以通过反应器底部的中心喷嘴或环隙喷嘴交替地进入反应器内 ,从而形成振荡气升操作 .实验表明 ,与最佳的稳态中心气升操作相比 ,周期性振荡气升操作可以显著提高甘油的产率 ,但对残糖消耗速度无明显影响 .图 2表 1参 8     

发酵-渗透汽化膜技术制无水乙醇研究进展

渗透汽化膜技术作为一种新型的膜分离技术和清洁生产技术,与发酵法相耦合生产燃料乙醇,具有高效、节能和环保的优势。综述了发酵-渗透汽化膜技术的研究进展,介绍了该工艺动力学模型的研究成果,与传统的发酵法进行了经济性对比,阐述了渗透汽化膜技术应用于无水乙醇工业化生产的现状和存在的问题,展望了发酵-渗透汽化膜技术的研究方向。     

制备方法条件对Au/CeO2催化CO低温氧化性能研究

用共沉淀法和沉积沉淀法制备了负载型Au/CeO2催化剂,考察了不同制备方法和条件对Au/CeO2催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,制备方法和条件对Au/CeO2催化剂的活性有较大的影响,其中以Na2CO3为沉淀剂的共沉淀法制备的Au/CeO2催化剂活性最佳。最佳制备条件:343K洗涤、473K焙烧、空气预处理。金和部分氧化态的金是活性中心,而且氧化态的金催化活性更好。活性位在金与氧化物载体界面,金粒径越小,金与氧化物载体的接触面越大,活性位越多,催化活性越大。     

珠海市大气污染时空分布特征及成因分析

应用统计方法分析了珠海市的大气污染物SO2、NO2、PM10浓度的时空分布特征.针对珠海市的污染源分布格局和当地的气象条件对上述污染物时空分布特征的成因进行了分析.研究表明,珠海市的污染物浓度空间分布较为均匀,没有显著的空间变化梯度出现;但在时间分布方面明显存在着冬春高、夏秋低的季节性差异,并受区域环境的影响较大.相关分析表明,珠海市单点源污染比例大的污染源分布格局以及典型的季风气候是造成如上污染特征的主要原因,此外珠海市的经济产业结构也存在着一定的影响.     

Numerical Study of the Indoor Environmental Conditions of a Large Athletic Hall Using the CFD Code PHOENICS

This study investigates, experimentally and numerically, the environmental conditions prevailing in a large mechanically ventilated athletic hall, with the aid of the computational fluid dynamics code PHOENICS. The indoor space of the building was simulated in the PHOENICS environment and the model results were validated against experimental data collected during a 10-day campaign in the hall. The measurements included airflow characteristics and pollutants concentrations at different locations of the indoor space, as well as surface temperatures of the indoor materials. Having obtained good agreement between experimental and numerical results, different scenarios were applied in the model to investigate the environmental conditions prevailing in the hall under different ventilation and occupational conditions. These regard air-conditioning, heating, and cooling modes, as well as empty and full hall during an athletic event. The airflow, temperature, and CO₂ concentration fields were studied and results revealed dynamic behavior of the fields, significantly altering with the different considered cases. The airflow patterns were characterized by distinct vortices of various sizes, originating from the ceiling air inlet fans of the heating–ventilating–air conditioning system, while temperature and pollution stratification were evident, indicating ineffective performance of the ventilation system.     

粪大肠菌群酶底物法在环境应急监测中的应用

结合国外粪大肠菌群的酶底物检测方法,针对某次突发环境污染事件,用酶底物法和标准方法多管发酵法同步检测受污染地表水中的粪大肠菌群,讨论酶底物法在应急监测中检测粪大肠菌群的适用性。结果表明,两种方法的测定数据显著相关,没有统计学差异（ P＞0．05）。相对于多管发酵法,酶底物法特异性强,检测时间短,二次污染少,符合应急监测的要求。     

Parental condition, brood sex ratio and differential young survival: an experimental study in gulls (Larus fuscus)

Empirical evidence is growing that the offspring sex ratio in birds can be biased in relation to the body condition of parents during breeding. The sex ratio bias may come about because (1) the actual production of the two sexes may be skewed and/or (2) there may be a sex bias in early nestling mortality contingent on parental condition. By manipulating parental condition and giving them a control brood to rear, thereby eliminating effects operating via the eggs, we examined the extent to which parental condition influences the post-hatching survival of male and female lesser black-backed gulls, Larus fuscus. We found that the pre-fledging survival of male chicks was strongly reduced in all-male broods reared by parents in poor condition. Pre-fledging survival of female chicks was, however, unaffected by parental condition or brood sex composition. Thus, independently of any production biases, sex differences in nestling mortality alone can bias the offspring sex ratio at fledging in relation to the prevailing rearing conditions. In other studies on gulls we have, however, also shown that females in poor condition at laying preferentially produce female eggs. Clearly a bias in fledging sex ratio can occur within the same species due to a combination of differential production and differential post-laying mortality; the latter can involve a differential effect of poor egg quality on male and female offspring, differential effects of brood sex composition on their survival and a difference in the capacity of parents to rear males and females. All of these processes need to be taken into account in attempting to understand offspring sex ratios. Received: 15 February 2000 / Revised: 7 August 2000 / Accepted: 26 August 2000     

氨氧化菌群的筛选及发酵条件的优化

利用选择性培养基对活性污泥进行连续驯化,筛选出氨氮去除效率较高且稳定的氨氧化菌群。采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术分析了氨氧化菌群在连续传代过程中菌群的结构差异,并对菌群的发酵培养基及发酵条件分别进行了正交优化和单因子优化。结果表明,该菌群的最佳发酵培养基为每升培养基中含碳酸盐缓冲液15mmol,硫酸铵4.2 mmol,磷酸盐缓冲液12.5 mmol,硫酸亚铁0.9μmol,氯化钙0.4 mmol,硫酸镁1.5 mmol;最佳发酵条件为:接种量为14%,装液量为60 mL/250 mL,温度为35℃。在此条件下,菌群对氨氮的去除效果较优化前提高了155%。