原油储罐腐蚀原因及对策

通过对原油储罐腐蚀因素的分析,探讨了孤东一号联原油处理罐的腐蚀机理.分析结果表明,介质因素腐蚀、焊缝腐蚀、冲刷磨损、自然外腐蚀是造成孤东一号联原油储罐腐蚀严重的主要原因,并提出了相应的解决对策.     

Kinetic studies on phosphorus sorption by selected soil amendments for septic tank effluent renovation

A systematic kinetic study of phosphorus (P) sorption by various materials in the soil infiltration system of septic tanks was undertaken by following the time course of P sorption by sorbents in contact with various P solutions over periods up to 360 days. Uptake of P seemed to consist of two distinct stages. Initial uptake was very rapid and this phase was completed in 4 days or less. A slower removal stage followed for some materials over many months. Phosphorus sorption during the fast reaction stage appeared to be associated with the soluble Ca content of the materials. The fast reaction of calcareous materials accounted for the bulk (>70%) of the total P removed. Merribrook loamy sand exhibited the highest proportion of P sorption during the slow phase. It should be noted, however, that for solution P concentrations in the range found in typical effluents (∼ ∼20 mg L⁻¹) the fast reaction phase seemed to be responsible for virtually all P removed. None of the six kinetic formulae examined possessed the sophistication and detail needed to portray accurately the time course of P sorption for all the sorbents investigated. The Elovich equation and the kinetic modification of the Freundlich isotherm expression appeared to provide a reasonable fit of the experimental data.     

垂直流人工湿地系统对污水磷的净化效果

用煤灰渣人工土壤和风车草组成的垂直流人工湿地系统对化粪池出水中总磷和无机磷的去除率分别达到75 %— 92 %和 73%— 92 % ,其处理出水中总磷和无机磷浓度大部分低于 1mg/L ,达到了城市污水二级生化处理的二级排放标准。垂直流煤灰渣人工湿地系统对磷的去除作用主要有 :物理作用、化学吸附与沉淀作用和微生物同化作用以及植物摄取等作用 ,其对化粪池出水中总磷的去除率分别为 2 2 .8%、5 0 %— 6 5 %和 1%— 3%。     

用于含油污水处理的气浮旋流耦合技术研究

建立了气浮旋流耦合装置.测试了气浮旋流耦合装置的分离效果,实验表明,在加气量质量比为0.003～0.020,含油污水浓度为50～300 mg/L条件下,气浮旋流耦合装置可比单纯的旋流分离装置的分离效率提高10%～50%.     

调理剂对CAF污泥浓缩工艺影响的试验研究

涡凹气浮(CAF)已广泛应用于工业废水和城市污水的预处理中.由于污泥本身的特性原因,CAF在污泥处理中尚没有应用.通过试验投加污泥调理剂改变污泥的特性,以达到将CAF工艺用于浓缩活性污泥的目的.试验表明,CAF工艺浓缩低浓度剩余活性污泥效果很好,但正确选择污泥调理剂的投加点和投加量对CAF污泥浓缩工艺至关重要.     

碳五加氢石油树脂化工废水的处理

本文介绍了应用新型曝气沉淀池-曝气生物滤池工艺处理碳五加氢石油树脂化工废水的工程实例。运行表明，通过调节水的pH值，改善铝的去除率。新型曝气沉淀池能有效地去除SS、CODCr、石油类和部分有机物，为后续好氧生物处理创造了一个良好的环境；新型挂膜方式的曝气生物滤池(BAF)工艺能稳定高效地去除SS、CODCr、硫化物、苯等，出水水质达到了国家一级排放标准.     

液化石油气储罐设置方式之初探

从能量释放的角度出发,以爆炸理论为基础,研究了液化石油气储罐不同设置方式下发生爆炸的影响范围,并根据储罐三种设置方式的特点,给出了液化石油气储罐的合理设置方案.     

APPLICATION OF PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION METHOD FOR CALIBRATING TANK MODEL1

ABSTRACT: Many automatic calibration processes have been proposed to efficiently calibrate the 16 parameters involved in the four‐layered tank model. The Multistart Powell and Stuffed Complex Evolution (SCE) methods are considered the best two procedures. Two rainfall events were designed to compare the performance and efficiency of these two methods. The first rainfall event is short term and the second designed for long term rainfall data collection. Both rainfall events include a lengthy no‐rainfall period. Two sets of upper and lower values for the search range were selected for the numerical tests. The results show that the Multistart Powell and SCE methods are able to obtain the true values for the 16 parameters with a sufficiently long no‐rainfall period after a rainfall event. In addition, by using two selected objective functions, one based on root mean square error and one based on root mean square relative error criteria, it is found that the no‐rainfall period lengths necessary to obtain the converged true values for the 16 parameters are roughly the same. The SCE method provides a more efficient search based on an appropriate preliminary search range. The Multistart Powell method, on the other hand, leads to more accurate search results when there is no suitable search range selected based on the parameter calibration experience.     

Selective flotation separation of plastics by chemical conditioning with methyl cellulose

The floatability of seven plastics (POM, PVC, PET, PMMA, PC, PS and ABS) in the presence of methyl cellulose (MC) and separation of plastics mixtures were investigated in this paper. It was found that the seven plastics can be separated into three groups by using the wetting agent MC. Group one includes POM and PVC. They are depressed at very low MC concentrations. Group two, including PET, PMMA and PC, has an intermediate floatability. Group three (ABS and PS) has a high floatability. They are almost not depressed within the given MC concentration range. In order to understand the mechanism of selective flotation of plastics and the chemical conditioning process, surface chemical factors, such as wettability of plastics and surface tension of flotation medium, and gravity factors, such as particle density and shape, were studied. It was found that the depressing effect of MC on plastics is ascribed mainly to its adsorption on the plastics surfaces. The MC molecules absorbed on plastics expose some of their polar groups oriented towards the aqueous phase, hence making the plastics surfaces hydrophilic. In addition, flotation selectivity for the plastics is dominated not only by wettability of plastics, but also by particle size, density and shape.     

一起氧气瓶爆炸事故的技术分析

针对一起氧气瓶爆炸事故,进行了详细的实际调查,并以科学理论和数据为依据,进行了多角度的技术分析。