采用加药浮选工艺处理粉煤灰废水

叙述了采用发泡剂、捕收剂气浮处理粉煤灰废水的原理、工艺流程、设计参数及各项经济指标。实践证明,该工艺是处理粉煤灰废水的有效方法。     

液氯储罐泄漏事故后果的分析与探讨

针对一起液氯储罐泄漏事故后果进行了分析,通过计算泄漏部位的尺寸并确定泄漏速率,计算出泄漏量。对液氯扩散过程分为靠自身能量扩散和高斯扩散两个阶段进行分析。利用能量理论和高斯烟羽理论计算了每个阶段的扩散浓度、范围和时间。利用计算结果对事故的后果进行了分析。最后论述了液氯泄漏后应采取的紧急措施。     

Fenton试剂降解选矿废水中残余黄药

采用Fenton试剂处理选矿废水中残余的黄药,分别考察了氧化时间、反应初始pH、Fe^2 浓度及H2O2用量对黄药降解效果的影响;用正交实验确定了4个因素的最佳条件。结果表明,反应初始pH和H2O2用量是影响黄药去除效果的主要因素。氧化时间为60min、反应初始pH为4、Fe^2 质量浓度为20mg／L、H2O2质量浓度为20mg／L、黄药质量浓度为：125mg/L时,黄药的去除率达到99．5％,COD去除率为87．5％。     

高原石油废水处理改造工程研究

介绍了新疆某高原地区炼油厂石油废水处理系统的改造工程。通过对隔油-气浮-生物接触氧化工艺的改造,解决上游装置污水严重超标排放现象;采用替换不合理设备、改建和完善气浮系统、启动和改造生化系统,改革相应配套制度等措施,使生产中产生的工业废水,经过处理后,CODCr含量<80mg/L,石油类<10mg/L,硫化物<0.1mg/L,挥发酚<0.5mg/L,出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的一级排放标准,为该厂的污水回用作循环水改造创造了条件,在此基础上实现了外排污水回用于绿化水初步目标。     

环境风险评价中的不确定性研究

在环境风险评价中经常会遇见不确定性问题,以无水氢氟酸储罐泄漏为例,分别研究了在计算事故发生概率、确定泄漏源、应用扩散模式、评价事故损伤结果等工作中遇到的不确定性问题。并以此分析了造成这些不确定性因素的原因,同时提出相应的解决方法,最后介绍了环境风险评价中不确定性问题的研究现状和方向。     

医院污水处理工程设计

A/O生化池+沉淀池+消毒工艺在处理医院废水中是可行的。原污水经过厌氧、好氧两个处理过程,可以同时去除水中大部分的B0D5、COD、悬浮物、氮、磷。通过实际的运行操作表明:该工艺具有效率高、能够脱氮除磷、处理效果好、投资低、占地面积小、运行费用低、管理操作方便等优点。     

Kinetic analysis for spontaneous combustion of sulfurized rust in oil tanks

In order to evaluate the spontaneous combustion hazards of sulfurized rust in oil tanks, one kind of rust was obtained from respiratory valve inner cavity of a crude oil tank in a petrochemical company. The rust was sulfurized in sulfuration experimental apparatus. The production was analyzed by X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and then thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The EDS result shows that the main substances are FeS and FeS₂ which are liable to spontaneous combustion. The sulfurized rust gives a short length of side and diamond appearance, and a large pore size in structure based on X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The whole oxidation process has three complex stages. The corresponding apparent activation energy values, most probable mechanism functions and pre-exponential factor values were calculated by Madhusudanan–Krishnan–Ninan method and the master plot method. The results indicate that the first and third stages of mass loss are up to the power function mechanism, but the second stage accords with the nucleation and nucleus growth mechanism. The values of apparent activation energy increase successively from the first stage to the third stage. The second stage has the maximum pre-exponential factor value, while the first has the minimum. With the obtained parameters above, the oxidation process of sulfurised rust could be simulated, which would benefit for monitoring and early warning of oil tanks.     

低温储罐三通切换阀管件失效分析

在低温储罐定期检验中,发现储罐底部一个三通切换阀管件上存在多处裂纹及泄漏现象。通过对失效件进行宏观检验、化学成分、电镜扫描、金相组织、腐蚀产物能谱、非金属夹杂物含量、显微硬度等进行测试,结果表明：管件材质低于设计要求,管件承受载荷及应力作用,存在CI-等奥氏体不锈钢腐蚀敏感介质,造成该处奥氏体不锈钢管件应力腐蚀失效。     

Influence of the chemical and mineralogical composition on the acidity of an abandoned copper mine in the Bor river valley (eastern Serbia)

Since the end of operations in 1987, the flotation tailing pond in the area of the former Bor River valley has been left without any type of remediation, leading to a great environmental impact on the wider surrounding area. Because the relative abundance of minerals is critical in determining the quality of the water draining from such materials, research to define the influence of the chemical and mineralogical characteristics on the acidity of the Bor flotation tailing was performed. With this aim in mind, core sampling from eight, 20-m deep drilling holes was undertaken, followed by mineralogical analysis of the composites from each drilling hole and chemical analysis of the composites of the holes and samples taken every 5 m. In addition, the tailing acidity was measured on samples from all drilling holes taken every 1 m from the surface to the base of the tailing using distilled water and 1 M KCl. The average tailing acidity was very high, with a pH value between 2.2 and 4.0 along the depth of the holes, indicating that pyrite, as the dominant sulphide mineral, was oxidised even in the deepest layers of flotation tailing.     

电解-厌氧-好氧-气浮工艺处理分散染料废水

介绍了采用电解-厌氧-好氧-气浮组合工艺对难生化降解的分散染料废水进行高低浓度分治处理的工程实例。工程运行结果表明:实行高低浓度废水的分治处理能有效提高整体系统的处理效率;电解预处理工艺不但能去除高浓度母液废水中75%～90%的色度和25%～40%的COD,还可提高母液废水的可生化性;混合废水再通过厌氧-好氧-气浮处理后,各项水质指标均达GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的二级排放要求。