浅谈轻质油罐腐蚀的防护措施

分析了轻质油罐的腐蚀特点及机理,针对油罐腐蚀的现状,提出了相应的对策。     

氯乙烯储罐注水堵漏腐蚀风险的预测方法研究*

为更好地解决氯乙烯储罐注水堵漏可能导致储罐发生腐蚀泄漏的实际问题,提出1种基于ASPEN和神经网络的氯乙烯储罐注水堵漏腐蚀风险的预测方法。运用ASPEN流程模拟软件,对氯乙烯储罐注水堵漏工艺进行模拟,得到不同泄漏孔径下注水速率和HCl浓度的关系;以HCl浓度作为导致腐蚀的主要影响因素,对不同种钢材进行挂片腐蚀实验;结合神经网络分析,得出HCl浓度与腐蚀速率之间的拟合式,预测储罐腐蚀情况。结果表明:神经网络预测结果平均相对误差7.63%,随注水速率的提高,HCl浓度变化呈下降趋势,腐蚀速率变化呈下降趋势;在等效泄漏孔径24 mm、注水速率0.87 m/s时,Q345R腐蚀速率13.93 mm/a,20#腐蚀速率10.48 mm/a,201不锈钢腐蚀速率7.09 mm/a为3者中最低,但此工况下,201不锈钢有点蚀倾向,储罐易发生穿孔,故201不锈钢不宜用作氯乙烯储罐母材,并提出对《石油化工企业设计防火标准(2018年版)》的修订建议。     

Pre-oxidation enhanced cyanobacteria removal in drinking water treatment: A review

Cyanobacterial bloom has many adverse effects on source water quality and drinking water production. The traditional water treatment process can hardly achieve satisfactory removal of algae cells. This review examines the impact of pre-oxidation on the removal of cyanobacteria by solid-liquid separation processes. It was reported that the introduction of chemical oxidants such as chlorine, potassium permanganate, and ozone in algae-laden water pretreatment could improve algae removal by the subsequent solid-liquid separation processes. However, over dosed oxidants can result in more serious water quality risks due to significant algae cell lysis and undesirable intracellular organic matter release. It was suggested that moderate pre-oxidation may enhance the removal of cyanobacteria without damaging algae cells. In this article, effects of moderate pretreatment on the solid-liquid separation processes (sedimentation, dissolved air flotation, and membrane filtration) are reviewed.     

Kinetic studies on phosphorus sorption by selected soil amendments for septic tank effluent renovation

A systematic kinetic study of phosphorus (P) sorption by various materials in the soil infiltration system of septic tanks was undertaken by following the time course of P sorption by sorbents in contact with various P solutions over periods up to 360 days. Uptake of P seemed to consist of two distinct stages. Initial uptake was very rapid and this phase was completed in 4 days or less. A slower removal stage followed for some materials over many months. Phosphorus sorption during the fast reaction stage appeared to be associated with the soluble Ca content of the materials. The fast reaction of calcareous materials accounted for the bulk (>70%) of the total P removed. Merribrook loamy sand exhibited the highest proportion of P sorption during the slow phase. It should be noted, however, that for solution P concentrations in the range found in typical effluents (∼ ∼20 mg L⁻¹) the fast reaction phase seemed to be responsible for virtually all P removed. None of the six kinetic formulae examined possessed the sophistication and detail needed to portray accurately the time course of P sorption for all the sorbents investigated. The Elovich equation and the kinetic modification of the Freundlich isotherm expression appeared to provide a reasonable fit of the experimental data.     

原油储罐腐蚀原因及对策

通过对原油储罐腐蚀因素的分析,探讨了孤东一号联原油处理罐的腐蚀机理.分析结果表明,介质因素腐蚀、焊缝腐蚀、冲刷磨损、自然外腐蚀是造成孤东一号联原油储罐腐蚀严重的主要原因,并提出了相应的解决对策.     

LNG加气站槽车卸车直供过程泄漏后果分析

为研究LNG加气站槽车直接供液过程泄漏后果严重程度,采用HAZOP辨识槽车供液和储罐供液典型泄漏场景,基于PHAST分析不同泄漏场景下LNG液池半径、蒸汽云扩散距离及积聚时长、爆炸超压和池火热辐射影响范围,定量评价槽车供液可能造成的事故后果扩大程度.结果表明:槽车供液泄漏事故的LNG液池最大半径、蒸汽云最大扩散距离、爆...     

液化烃罐区设备可靠性研究

针对液化烃罐区缺少有效事故数据的现状,采用了基于模糊分析的可靠性方法来研 究罐区设备整体可靠性,通过划分功能模块使用模糊数描述各模块可靠性,然后求出设备整 体可靠性.对于单一设备,通过监测其系统的状态参数,采用一种利用设备状态信息进行可 靠性分析的方法,通过系统参数漂移量的统计分析,推导出基于参数漂移量的可靠度分析模型...     

上海中心城区合流制排水系统调蓄池环境效应研究

于2006~2008年同步监测了上海中心城区成都路合流制排水系统20余次的降雨、径流和径流水质过程,研究了国内首座投入使用的城市大型排水系统调蓄池的环境效应.结果表明,调蓄池有效提高了排水系统排水能力,系统截流倍数可从3.87倍提高到6.90~9.92倍.对暴雨溢流和旱流试车溢流的年际平均削减量分别为9.10×104m3和8.37×104m3,削减率分别达9.00%和100%.对暴雨溢流COD、BOD5、SS、NH4+-N和TP的年际平均削减率分别为13.76%、19.69%、15.29%、18.24%和15.10%,相应削减量分别为41.21、12.37、50.10、2.12和0.29 t.a-1.调蓄池可100%削减旱流试车溢流污染,相应污染物的削减量分别为20.75、4.87、14.90、4.49和0.30 t.a-1.分析显示调蓄池设计标准、运行模式和降雨条件是影响调蓄池环境效应发挥的重要因素.     

气浮净水工艺述评

从热力学、动力学、流体力学三个方面介绍了气浮理论,对涡凹气浮、浅层气浮、超声波气浮、高效加压气浮、逆流共聚气浮等五种新型气浮工艺的原理和特点进行了评述,最后讨论了气浮净水技术的发展和研究方向。     

离心气浮技术及在含油污水处理中的应用

针对含油污水处理将朝着低污染、低成本、易操作、结构紧凑、高效处理方向发展的要求,围绕离心气浮处理技术进行综述。将迄今各种含油污水离心气浮处理技术分为:基于充气水力旋流器的气浮旋流组合、气浮与常规水力旋流器单体组合、气浮与低强度旋流离心力场组合三大类,并对其特点进行了详细分析。国外采油污水处理的最新进展表明,紧凑型旋流气浮组合技术具有广阔的应用前景。