GC-MS检测济南市东部空气中气相与颗粒物上有机污染物

用GDX-101吸附剂和玻璃纤维滤膜(GF)同时采集气相和颗粒物上有机污染物,样品经提取分离后用GC-MS进行定性分析.结果表明,颗粒物上有机污染物的种类和含量都高于气相,工业区空气中有机污染较生活区严重,仍以燃煤、燃油污染为主.     

Aerosol optical properties derived from imultaneoussunphotometer and aureolemeter measurements in Lhasa

In order to obtain some aerosol properties in Tibetan Plateau atmosphere, simultaneous measurements of aerosols by use of a sunphotometer and an aureolementer were performed in the summer of 1998 in Lhasa(29.65°N, 91.13°E). Optical depth, volume size distribution and phase-function of aerosols were obtained from the measurements. Religious activities can have an effect on optical depth in Lhasa. The daily average aerosol optical depth(λ相似文献   

Analysis of α, β, γ-hexachlorocyclohexanes in water by novel activated carbon fiber-solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography--mass spectrometry

A fast and simple method for determination of α, β,γ-hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in water using activated carbon fibersolid phase microextraction(ACF-SPME) were studied. Results showed the performance of adsorption and desorption of three HCHs on ACF were excellent. A wide linear range from 10 to 100 μg/L and detection limits of the ng/L level were obtained using ACF-SPME with GC-MS in selected ion monitoring(SIM) acquisition mode. The proposed method was also successfully applied for determination of three HCHs in tap water. Compared to commercial fibers, ACF showed some advantages such as better resistance to solvents, higher thermal stability, longer lifetime and lower cost. The data demonstrated that GC-MS with ACF-SPME is well suitable for the analysis of HCHs in water.     

对我国臭氧层保护工作几个疑难问题的探讨

臭氧层保护是当前人类面临的一个重大全球性环境问题。我国保护臭氧层工作取得一定的成就 ,但为了更好地履行国际淘汰义务 ,必须首先解决几个疑难问题 :克服国际技术转让的障碍 ;切实进行进出口管理 ;加强机构间的协调与合作 ;加强对企业的引导并关注中小企业利益。同时还要充分利用现行环境管理法律制度 ,使其在ODS淘汰实践中发挥作用。     

pH、ORP制约的产酸相发酵类型及顶级群落

由于利用效果存在一定差异，不同产酸相发酵类型的末端产物作为产甲烷细菌的底物，影响整个二相厌氧生物处理系统的稳定、高效运行。pH、ORP作为产酸相系统中的非生物因子，在一定程度上影响产酸相发酵类型的形成。本实验采用连续流搅拌槽式厌氧反应器（CSTR）考察并分析了特定pH、ORP组成对产酸相发酵类型决定情况，同时以种群生态学理论为基础，确立了受pH、ORP制约的不同发酵类型的顶级群落及优势种群。     

冷轧镀锌线清洗段含油废水处理工艺探讨

采用气浮分离预处理工艺，处理含油、含碱混合废水，减轻了后序含油废水和酸碱废水处理系统的负荷，提高了净化效率和出水水质。     

固相反射散射分光光度法测定化妆品中的铅

在酸性条件下 ,铅 ( )与玫瑰红酸钠形成紫红色络合物沉淀 ,该沉淀能被均匀地抽滤到一定表面积的滤纸上。本文采用固相反射散射分光光度法直接测定滤纸上负载的络合物的反射吸收值 AR,铅的含量在 0～ 8μg/ m L的范围内 AR与浓度有良好的线性关系。方法简便、快速 ,检出限为 0 .0 5μg/ m L。相对标准偏差为3.0 %。方法用于化妆品中铅的测定 ,结果令人满意     

几种新型光催化水质净化反应器的探讨

综述了几种新型光催化反应器的结构、特征，讨论各反应器的应用情况和处理效果，对其优缺点进行评价。指出光催化技术与其它成熟水处理技术的耦合是光催化工艺进入实际应用的重要途径。     

共沉淀富集—固相光度法快速测定微量汞

以Cu2 I2 与Cu2 HgI4 共沉淀法富集微量汞 ,采用固相反射散射分光光度法测定沉淀物中微量汞的含量。探讨了该方法的基本原理 ,选择了最佳的反应条件和测定条件。该法具有快速、简便、灵敏等优点 ,可应用于极谱实验室空气中、土壤、水体及植物体中微量汞的测定。     

Influence of surfactant-facilitated interfacial tension reduction on chlorinated solvent migration in porous media: observations and numerical simulation

The ability of a multiphase flow model to capture the migration behavior of chlorinated solvents under conditions of surfactant-facilitated interfacial tension (IFT) reduction is assessed through comparison of model predictions with observations from controlled laboratory experiments. Tetrachloroethene (PCE) was released in two-dimensional saturated systems, packed with sandy media that incorporated rectangular lenses of capillary contrast. Spatially uniform interfacial tension conditions were created in the tanks by pre-flushing the porous medium with either Milli Q water or an aqueous surfactant solution. Experimental observations showed that surfactant-facilitated IFT reductions substantially lowered capillary resistance to the vertical downward migration of PCE and enabled PCE to enter finer grained, less permeable lenses that were not penetrated in the absence of surfactant. An immiscible flow model was used to simulate the conditions of the laboratory experiments. Under higher IFT conditions (47.5 and 5 dyn/cm), the model could successfully predict the general migration behavior of the organic liquid. Model predictions, however, exhibited poorer agreement with observed migration pathways under low IFT conditions (0.5 dyn/cm). In all cases, the predicted PCE distributions were influenced by selection of the parametric model for capillary retention and relative permeability. Simulated migration rates were more consistent with observed behavior when the Brooks-Corey/Burdine model was employed. For low interfacial tensions, improved predictions of migration pathways were obtained through grid refinement and incorporation of small-scale packing variability. Simulations highlight the substantial sensitivity of model predictions to the capillary pressure-scaling factor, grid resolution, and small-scale porosity variations at interfaces of permeability contrast under reduced IFT conditions.