Preconcentration of some trace metal ions on coated alumina modified by 1-((6-(-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methyleneamino) hexylimino) methyl) naphthalen-2-ol

A sensitive and efficient method for preconcentration of trace amounts of some metal ions such as Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Cr³⁺, and Fe³⁺ ions based on modification of sodium-dodecyl-sulphate (SDS) coated alumina with 1-(6-(-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl) methyleneamino) hexylimino) methyl) naphthalen-2-ol (HNMAHN) is reported. The method is based on the uptake of these ions following their chelation with HNMAHN and their recovery using a suitable eluent. The influence of parameters such as pH, concentration of ligand and amount of coated alumina, SDS concentration, eluent (type and concentrations), and elution volume on metal ion recoveries are investigated. The preconcentration factor is 150 (10?mL elution volume) for a 1500?mL sample volume. The method has been successfully applied for extraction and determination of these ions content in some real samples. Extraction efficiency is generally >95% with low relative standard deviations between 1.8% and 2.4 %.     

Passive sampling of PAHs in indoor air in Nepal

PAHs were sampled in ten homes in the Makwanpur region, Nepal. SPMDs and moss bags (Sphagnum girgensohnii) were used as passive samplers. Soot particles on the SPMD surfaces were also analyzed for PAHs. The overall PAH concentrations in SPMDs were significantly higher than those in moss bags. Total PAH mean concentrations of ten houses were 535μg/g lipid for SPMDs and 7.2 μg/g moss (dw) for moss bags. Ratios of phenanthrene/anthracene in indoor SPMDs and particulate matter varied from 2.9 to 3.5 and ratios of fluoranthene/pyrene varied from 1.1 to 1.4. The values for moss bags were respectively 1.7–3.6 and 0.8–2.4. These ratios indicate that the PAHs are from combustion origin. The PAH concentrations in ambient air were estimated as B(a)P TEQs and they were 17–64 times higher than acceptable limit for Finnish community air. Based on PAH levels in the gas phase (SPMD) we may expect PAHs to have an impact on respiratory disease prevalence in Nepalese villages. Both of the sampling methods were feasible in the difficult conditions under which the study was performed.     

Ca2+对酸性硫酸盐环境中次生铁矿物合成的影响

通过摇瓶培养试验,在富铁酸性硫酸盐环境中,探析0、50、100、200或400mg/L Ca2+加入对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(A. ferrooxidans)生物合成次生铁矿物过程的影响.分析了体系pH值、氧化还原电位(ORP)、Fe2+氧化率、总Fe沉淀率以及次生铁矿物矿相等相关指标的变化情况.结果表明,0~24h培养过程中,各体系pH值、ORP、Fe2+氧化率及总Fe沉淀率变化幅度基本一致.24~108h培养过程中,体系中Ca2+加入量越大,Fe2+氧化越迅速,相应总Fe沉淀率相对较高.400mg/L Ca2+的加入使得体系Fe2+在72h氧化完全,总Fe沉淀率在108h达到39.1%.0、50、100或200mg/L Ca2+ 加入的体系在24~84h培养过程中,体系Fe2+氧化速率随着Ca2+加入量逐渐增加而依次升高,并在84h Fe2+氧化完全,且在108h,相应体系总Fe沉淀率分别为27.0%、29.7%、33.9%或36.9%.不同体系所得次生铁矿物均为施氏矿物与黄铁矾的混合物.本研究结果对明晰富铁酸性硫酸盐环境钙离子调控生物成因次生铁矿物合成的影响机理有一定指导意义.     

长江南京段水体中7种苯胺类化合物的检测方法及生态风险评价

应用固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱法,建立了同时测定环境水样中7种苯胺类化合物的检测方法.实验表明,以ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 (3.5μm,2.1×150mm)色谱柱为分离柱,乙腈-水(2mmol/L甲酸铵)为梯度洗脱的流动相,在电喷雾质谱正离子模式下,7min内可以分离目标化合物;在1~200μg/L浓度范围内,7种苯胺类化合物的峰面积与质量浓度的线性关系良好;添加水平分别为0.8、4.0、20.0mg/L时,目标化合物的平均回收率分别为68.5%~102.2%、71.4%~89.4%、62.0%~78.3%,相对标准偏差均小于6.9%;利用本方法对长江南京段平水期(2014.4)、丰水期(2014.8)和枯水期(2014.12)的14个采样点的环境水样进行检测,检出4-硝基苯胺、2,6-二乙基苯胺、3,4-二氯苯胺和4-异丙基苯胺4种苯胺类化合物,且4-硝基苯胺在3个时期14个采样点均能检出;风险商值法评估长江南京段水体中4-硝基苯胺的生态风险为低生态风险.     

液相催化氧化法脱除燃煤烟气中多污染物研究进展

针对燃煤烟气中SO₂、NO_x和重金属Hg等污染物,可将多个单一污染物控制系统串联进行脱除,但存在系统庞杂、运行成本高等问题,因此开发经济高效的一体化脱除技术十分必要。液相催化氧化法能够在液相中对多污染物进行联合脱除。根据使用氧化剂的不同,对不同的液相催化氧化法进行了详细论述,包括H₂O₂氧化法、次氯酸盐及亚氯酸盐氧化法、过二硫酸盐和过一硫酸氢盐氧化法等,总结了各种方法的优缺点,并对未来的研究方向提出了建议。     

次生铁矿物及其与环境中锑的相互作用研究进展

我国锑矿资源丰富,锑矿资源开发利用过程导致锑进入表生环境并富集。锑作为人体非必需重金属,具有高化学毒性,是国际公认优先控制金属污染物。次生铁矿物在形成过程中和成矿后能以共沉淀、吸附等方式固定有害金属,但又易受环境因子变化的影响,重新释放被固定的有害金属,对有害金属的环境行为和归宿有着重要影响。本文面向我国锑污染现状,立足于常见次生铁矿物的基本结构和表面过程,以次生铁矿物相转变为切入点,论述了次生铁矿物与锑的相互作用机理,总结了环境pH、溶解性有机物、Fe(II)、微生物及环境温度等外界因素作用下次生铁矿物对锑环境行为的作用规律,以期从矿物学角度厘清环境因素-次生铁矿物-锑之间的微观作用机制,为表生环境锑污染的环境风险评价和修复治理提供理论指导。     

水平管分层流下微孔泄漏特性数值模拟和实验分析

在油气田开发过程中,通常采用气液相混输模式,管道受腐蚀等因素影响容易出现穿孔而发生两相流泄漏。为分析两相流泄漏特性,对管内常见流型分层流下的微孔泄漏特性进行数值和实验分析;采用VOF耦合Level set算法分析了不同影响因素下的气液两相泄漏特性,设计了1种管道泄漏收集装置,进行室内两相流泄漏实验,并验证了数值预测模型的准确性。研究结果表明:气液两相流经过管壁泄漏口时会发生相分离,泄漏特性受小孔方位、管路内外压差、气液相流速影响较大;泄漏口位于管路侧壁时的泄漏特性与其他角度下的泄漏特性有所不同,可用泄漏影响区内的气液分布进行解释;当泄漏口位于管路底部时,存在临界液相分流系数,当液相分流比小于此临界值时,泄漏流体为单相液体。VOF耦合Level set算法的数值方法可为管路泄漏量预测和相分离特性分析提供参考。     

检验用起重机供电电源断错相自动切换装置的设计

起重机供电电源断错相保护功能的常规检验方法较为烦琐,有时还可能影响检验结果的正确判断.设计一种供电电源断错相自动切换装置用于断错相保护功能的检验,以降低劳动强度、提高检验效率,并有效保证检验结论的正确性.     

Simultaneous determination of organochlorine and pyrethriod pesticide residues in the Chinese patent medicines by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A simple, sensitive, reliable method was developed for the simultaneous determination of organochlorine and pyrethriod pesticide residues in Chinese patent medicines Six ingredient rehmannia pills and Xiaoyao pills. These pesticides were extracted by ethyl acetate. The extraction time and volume of ethyl acetate were optimized. Cleanup of extracts was performed with dispersive-solid phase extraction using graphitized carbon black as the sorbent. The determination of pesticides in the final extracts was carried out by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode (GC-MS/MS, MRM). The linearity of the calibration curves is good in matrix-matched standard and yields the coefficients of determination (R²) ≥0.99 for all of the target analytes. Under optimized conditions, the average recoveries (five replicates) for most pesticides range from 75.5% to 114.6%, and RSDs are less than 10.0%. The LODs of 18 pesticides in Six ingredient rehmannia pill and Xiaoyao pills are in the range of 0.01–8.82 μg kg^?1. The developed method meets the requirements of pesticide residue analysis and could be effectively used for routine analysis of the organochlorine and pyrethriod pesticide residues in Six ingredient rehmannia pills and Xiaoyao pills.     

环境空气中多种羰基化合物的测定

利用2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)固相萃取在线吸附衍生高效液相色谱-二极管阵列(HPLC-PDA)测定环境空气中的22种羰基化合物,通过试验优化条件,使方法在6.00μg/L~1 800μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.025μg/m~3~0.091μg/m~3,加标回收率为93.2%~108%,平行样相对标准偏差10%。