磁性分散固相萃取-气相色谱法测定水中氯苯类化合物

采用磁性分散固相萃取技术富集水中氯苯类化合物,用气相色谱法测定,并对萃取剂的用量、萃取时间、解吸溶剂、氯化钠加入量等条件进行优化。试验表明,方法在0．001 mg/L～2．50 mg/L 范围内,氯苯类化合物各组分线性良好,方法检出限在0．600μg/L～5．00μg/L范围内。地表水实际水样的加标回收率为83．1％～93．4％,RSD为4．8％～7．3％。     

徐州市污水厂内分泌干扰物的去除及生态风险评价

对徐州市3家不同处理工艺污水厂进出水中的17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)、雌三醇(E3)、雌二醇(E2)、雌酮(E1)、双酚A(BPA)等5种雌激素物质进行了分析,采用固相萃取技术对这些物质进行富集分离,使用LC-MS对目标物进行检测。结果表明,3座污水厂的雌激素(除BPA)平均进出水浓度较高,污水厂对EE2和BPA的去除效果较好,分别为84.89%和98.38%;但对E3、E2、E1去除效果不够理想。经对内分泌干扰物的雌激素活性及生态风险进行评价,建议徐州地区应优先控制EE2、E1和E3。     

固相萃取-气质联用法测定水中有机氯农药和氯苯类化合物

采用固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(SPE-GC-MS)同时测定水中26种有机氯农药和8种氯苯类化合物,通过选择合适的SPE小柱、优化固相萃取和仪器检测的条件,使该方法在0.050 0 mg/L~1.00 mg/L范围内线性良好。各目标物的方法检出限为0.021μg/L~0.069μg/L,空白水样的加标回收率为36.6%~133%,RSD为0.5%~12.4%。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析水体中六溴环十二烷异构体

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS-MS)准确测定水体中六溴环十二烷(HBCD)3种异构体(α-HBCD、β-HBCD、y-HBCD)残留量的方法.样品添加13C-HBCD后,以二氯甲烷液液萃取,萃取液经硅胶柱净化后,以甲醇-0.2％氨水溶液为流动相通过BDS-C18色谱柱进行分离,采用电喷雾电离(ESI)、负离子模式对HBCD异构体进行分析.该方法线性范围为0.5 ～ 100 μg/L,α-HBCD、β-HBCD、γ-HBCD 3种异构体检出限分别为0.42、0.52、0.48 ng/L,平均回收率分别为88％、84％、86％,相对标准偏差均小于6.5％.应用该法对黄海沿岸21个采样站位水样进行分析,其中13个采样站位有HBCD 3种异构体的检出,表明该法适用于水体中HBCD的检测.     

固相萃取法提取水中酚类化合物的研究

对水中苯酚、氯代酚、甲基酚和硝基酚等酚类化合物的固相萃取过程进行了研究,从不同类型固相萃取柱中选择HLB柱用于水中多种酚类化合物的提取,并对水样酸化、固相萃取上样流量和淋洗流量及洗脱溶剂等萃取条件进行了优化。试验选择二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯混合溶液（体积比为1∶1）作为固相萃取洗脱溶剂,确定10 mL/min～20 mL/min和1 mL/min～3 mL/min为适用的上样流量和淋洗流量范围,实现了14种不同类型酚类化合物的同步最优萃取,提取效率为69.8%～120%。     

HS/SPME-GC/MS/MS法测定水中痕量2-甲基异莰醇和土臭素

建立了测定水中痕量2-甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)和土臭素(GSM)的顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱/二级质谱联用法(HS/SPME-GC/MS/MS),并对HS/SPME条件进行优化。优化后的方法 2-MIB和GSM在1.00~50.0 ng/L范围内,线性良好(r≥0.999 4),RSD分别为7.36%和7.75%,方法检出限分别为0.226和0.239 ng/L,加标回收率分别为87.0%~97.0%和85.2%~112%。结果表明,所建立的方法操作简便、准确度高、重现性好、灵敏度高,无需有机溶剂,适用于水中痕量2-MIB和GSM的测定。     

快速固相萃取法测定食品中多种有机磷农药残留

报道了一种简便、快速的石墨碳固相萃取(SPE)食品中多种有机磷农药残留及测定的方法.采用丙酮浸泡、超声提取食品中的有机磷农药,经石墨碳固相小柱净化萃取后,用气相色谱-火焰光度检测法直接测定,加标回收率在72.0%～107%之间,RSD为6.2%～12.7%,最低检出限可达0.001 mg/kg.     

黄磷尾气中PH3液相催化净化研究

以Mn（Ⅱ）与Pd（Ⅱ）为催化剂的吸收净化溶液对黄磷尾气中的PH3进行了液相催化氧化研究。考察了混合气中02浓度、温度、入口PH3浓度、气体流量和吸收液pH变化与磷化氢净化效率曲线的关系。实验结果表明：混合气中较佳的氧含量为5％;在20℃至75℃范围内,低温对催化净化有利,较适宜的反应温度为20℃;较低的PH3入口浓度和低气速均有利于对PH3的净化;吸收液较高的pH有利于吸收液中催化剂催化效能的发挥。吸收液对PH3的净化效率可达100％,但因吸收液中的金属离子易与PH3产生的PO4^3-形成沉淀,使金属离子脱离液相催化氧化系统,吸收液失效较快。     

Mass flux from a non-aqueous phase liquid pool considering spontaneous expansion of a discontinuous gas phase

The partitioning of non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) compounds to a discontinuous gas phase results in the repeated spontaneous expansion, snap-off, and vertical mobilization of the gas phase. This mechanism has the potential to significantly affect the mass transfer processes that control the dissolution of NAPL pools by increasing the vertical transport of NAPL mass and increasing the total mass transfer rate from the surface of the pool. The extent to which this mechanism affects mass transfer from a NAPL pool depends on the rate of expansion and the mass of NAPL compound in the gas phase. This study used well-controlled bench-scale experiments under no-flow conditions to quantify for the first time the expansion of a discontinuous gas phase in the presence of NAPL. Air bubbles placed in glass vials containing NAPL increased significantly in volume, from a radius of 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm over 215 days in the presence of tetrachloroethene (PCE), and from a radius of 1.2 mm to 2.3 mm over 22 days in the presence of trans-1,2-dichloroethene (tDCE). A one-dimensional mass transfer model, fit to the experimental data, showed that this expansion could result in a mass flux from the NAPL pool that was similar in magnitude to the mass flux expected for the dissolution of a NAPL pool in a two-fluid (NAPL and water) system. Conditions favouring the significant effect of a discontinuous gas phase on mass transfer were identified as groundwater velocities less than ~0.01 m/day, and a gas phase that covers greater than ~10% of the pool surface area and is located within ~0.01 m of the pool surface. Under these conditions the mass transfer via a discontinuous gas phase is expected to affect, for example, efforts to locate NAPL source zones using aqueous concentration data, and predict the lifetime and risk associated with NAPL source zones in a way that is not currently included in the common conceptual models used to assess NAPL-contaminated sites.     

Phase partitioning modeling of ethanol, isopropanol, and methanol with BTEX compounds in water

This study investigates the equilibrium phase partitioning behavior of ethanol, isopropanol, and methanol in a two-phase liquid-liquid system consisting of water and an individual BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes) compound. A previously developed computer program is enhanced to generate ternary phase diagrams for analysis of each three-component cosolvent-nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL)-water mixture combination. The required activity coefficients are estimated using the UNIFAC (Universal Quasichemical Functional group Activity Coefficient) model. The UNIFAC-derived ternary phase diagrams generally show good agreement against published experimental data, and similar phase partitioning behavior is observed for every BTEX compound in the presence of the same cosolvent. Furthermore, a set of laboratory experiments is conducted to determine the maximum single-phase water content for every mixture combination considered in this study where the volume composition of the cosolvent and the NAPL components is a blend of 85% alcohol and 15% BTEX compound. Comparison of experimentally-derived maximum single-phase water contents against UNIFAC-derived results shows good agreement for mixtures containing ethanol and methanol, but relatively poor agreement for mixtures containing isopropanol.