环境浓度水平的苯并[b]荧蒽对巨噬细胞RAW264.7的作用

为了研究环境浓度下多环芳烃苯并[b]荧蒽对巨噬细胞RAW264.7的损伤情况,我们用MTT法检测苯并[b]荧蒽对RAW264.7细胞增殖活力的影响,用试剂盒检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及炎症因子的释放量、细胞内SOD酶活力、脂质过氧化产物MDA含量及活性氧自由基ROS水平,用FITC标记的大肠杆菌(E.coli)检测苯并[b]荧蒽对巨噬细胞吞噬能力的影响.结果显示环境浓度(10~80 nmol·L~(-1))下的苯并[b]荧蒽能够抑制RAW264.7细胞的增殖活力,增加乳酸脱氢酶LDH的释放量.诱导活性氧自由基的形成,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力及脂质过氧化产物MDA的含量.增加炎症因子IL-6,IL~(-1)β和TNF-a的分泌,降低吞噬能力.该研究结果表明,苯并[b]荧蒽对巨噬细胞RAW264.7具有一定的毒性作用;能够引起RAW264.7细胞产生氧化应激;激活炎症反应;降低巨噬细胞的吞噬能力.     

红球菌跨膜运输荧蒽的差异膜蛋白分析

提取不同时间荧蒽诱导下红球菌BAP-1分泌的膜蛋白,利用同位素标记相对和绝对定量技术（iTRAQ技术）结合液相二级质谱对差异膜蛋白进行聚类以及生物信息学分析.旨在从蛋白质层面上研究红球菌BAP-1跨膜运输荧蒽过程中起关键作用的膜蛋白种类及其作用机制.结果共鉴定到172个差异膜蛋白.通过差异膜蛋白的COG和GO功能分析,发现荧蒽的加入主要影响了红球菌BAP-1细胞膜上与能量、转运相关的膜蛋白.ABC转运蛋白和TonB依赖转运蛋白作为微生物主要的载体蛋白对BAP-1跨膜运输荧蒽起到了重要作用.过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶在第6d有一个显著上调,作为抗氧化防御机制来保护微生物.各种膜蛋白在不同阶段发挥着各自作用,这些蛋白共同组成蛋白互作网络调控红球菌BAP-1的跨膜运输过程.     

气溶胶中苯并[k]荧蒽的恒能量同步荧光测量条件优化

采用正交实验研究光电倍增管(PMT)工作电压、激发单色器狭缝带宽(EX slit)和发射单色器狭缝带宽(EM slit)等对恒能量同步荧光测量技术的精密度、灵敏度、检出限及半峰宽度的影响机理,筛选和优化气溶胶中苯并[k]荧蒽的最佳测量条件.结果表明,3个因素对精密度、灵敏度、检出限均有显著影响,但只有EX slit带宽对半峰宽度有显著影响.PMT的工作电压越高,精密度越低,灵敏度越高,而它对检出限的影响较为复杂,当PMT工作电压为800V时,检出限可达到最低值;EX slit带宽越大,精密度越高,灵敏度越低,检出限越低,半峰宽度越大;EM slit带宽越大,精密度越低,灵敏度越高,检出限越低.模拟实验优化后的最佳测试条件为PMT工作电压800V、EX slit带宽2.5nm以及EM slit带宽5nm,.此时的最低检测限为0.086ng/mL,能适合于在线检测的技术要求.在环境实际气溶胶样品苯并[k]荧蒽含量的测量时,该方法与HPLC-FLD的测量值差异较小,两者的差值范围为1.73~10.70%,具有很好的可比性.     

荧蒽对披针舟形藻的生长及叶绿素荧光特性影响

利用调制式叶绿素荧光仪(Water-PAM)测定了不同浓度的荧蒽(0、0.1、0.5、1.0、2.0和5.0 mg/L)处理后披针舟形藻(Navicula lanceolata)的叶绿素荧光动力学特征的变化.藻类的生物量以细胞密度表示,测定的主要荧光动力学参数为:光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm),PS...     

一株降解荧蒽的铜绿假单胞菌的筛选鉴定及其特性

荧蒽是一种疏水性极强的高分子量多环芳烃,在环境中能持久存在且难以被微生物降解.本研究从石油污染土壤中分离获得一株能够以荧蒽为唯一碳源和能源而生长良好的菌株,命名为DN1.通过形态观察、生理生化特性鉴定及16S rRNA gene同源序列分析,鉴定其为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa).研究发现,菌株DN1的最适生长温度为34~37℃,最适p H为5.5~7.5,并具有良好的产鼠李糖脂能力,摇瓶培养7 d内最高产量可达22.90 g·L-1.DN1这一特性有利于荧蒽乳化进而促使其生物降解,0.50 g·L-1荧蒽14 d内的降解率达到90.2%.酶活检测显示,邻苯二酚1,2-双加氧酶活性显著高于邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶活性,表明其在荧蒽生物降解中起主导作用.     

生物扰动作用对河口沉积物中荧蒽去除的影响

通过室内微宇宙实验系统研究了天津厚蟹(Helice tientsinensis)和双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)生物扰动作用下河口沉积物中荧蒽的去除情况。实验结果显示,天津厚蟹扰动组中荧蒽的去除率显著高于沙蚕扰动组(P=0.05)和对照组(P=0.003),其中对表层(0~2 cm)和中层(3~5 cm)的促进效果最为显著;虽然各实验组表层沉积物中荧蒽的去除率均超过50%,但扰动组的去除更快,在36 d时就达最高去除率68%;双齿围沙蚕扰动组底层沉积物中荧蒽的去除率高于厚蟹扰动组和对照组,但差异不显著。研究表明表层沉积物中的荧蒽易去除,厚蟹生物扰动对荧蒽去除有显著促进作用;在距离表层5cm以下的沉积物中荧蒽的持久性增强,但生物扰动作用可促进其去除。     

Effects of benzo(k)fluoranthene,a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on DNA damage,lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in marine gastropod Morula granulata

Benzo(k)fluoranthene [B(k)F] is one of the widespread priority pollutants of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that has been scarcely studied for exposure assessment. With studies reporting a high amount B(k)F in sediments and water samples around the world, it has become vital to study its effects on aquatic organisms. In this connection, this study is conducted to study the effect of different concentrations of B(k)F (1, 10, 25 and 50?µg/L) in marine gastropod Morula granulata exposed in vivo for 96?h. A concentration-dependent increase in percentage tail DNA (TDNA) as measured by comet assay was observed in snails exposed to B(k)F. Exposure concentrations above 1?µg/L B(k)F showed significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and lipid peroxidation value in snails. After 96?h, SOD activity was found to be doubled for 50?µg/L B(k)F in comparison to control. A significant increase in catalase and glutathione S-transferase activity was observed at all exposure conditions at the end of the exposure time. Our study showed that B(k)F induces oxidative stress in snails which further lead to genotoxic damage. To our knowledge, this is the first study on oxidative stress and genotoxic damage in gastropods exposed to B(k)F.     

荧蒽的淡水沉积物预测无效应浓度推导及生态风险评价

本文基于我国本土淡水水生生物的毒性数据,采用平衡分配法,推导了荧蒽的淡水PNECsed(沉积物环境预测无效应浓度)为551.0!g·kg-1.结合获得的PNECsed,采用商值法,评价了我国主要河流沉积物中荧蒽的生态风险.结果表明,各河流沉积物中荧蒽的RQ平均值(风险商平均值)均小于1,生态风险大小依次为辽河松花江淮河海河黄河珠江长江.研究结果可以为荧蒽的风险管理提供技术支持.     

Microbiological degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Anthracene,benzo(K)fluoranthene,dibenzothiophene, benzo(H) quinoline and 2‐nitronaphthalene

Biodegradation experiments of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were studied with mixed bacteria culture under aerobic conditions. An easy‐to‐handle clean‐up procedure was developed for PAH and their metabolites simultaneously as well as a gc‐ms‐method to identify and quantify these compounds.

Anthracene and dibenzothiophene are completely degradable in an aqeous system, whereas biodegradation of benzo(k)fluoranthene and benzo(h)quinoline is possible only in an oil‐in‐water‐system with dodecane as cosubstrate. No degradation of nitronaphthalene was observed in aqueous systems. New metabolites are 2,3‐dihydroxybenzothiophene, hydroxybenzothiophenecarbonic acid and benzothiophenequinone for dibenzothiophene and hydroxyfluoranthenic acid for benzo(k)flouranthene. Whereas the former metabolites are degradable under the experimental conditions, the latter accumulates during the degradation experiment.

The results are important for microbiological wastewater treatment, since knowledge of biodegradation processes is indespensable for the successful treatment of PAH‐containing wastewater.     

Tumor promoting effects of cyanobacterial extracts are potentiated by anthropogenic contaminants--evidence from in vitro study

Inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is affiliated with tumor promotion process and it has been employed as an in vitro biomarker for evaluation of tumor promoting effects of chemicals. In the present study we investigated combined effects of anthropogenic environmental contaminants 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153) and fluoranthene, cyanotoxins microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin, and extracts of laboratory cultures of cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon gracile and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, on GJIC in the rat liver epithelial cell line WB-F344. Binary mixtures of PCB 153 with fluoranthene and the mixtures of the two cyanobacterial strains elicited simple additive effects on GJIC after 30 min exposure, whereas microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin neither inhibited GJIC nor altered effects of PCB 153 or fluoranthene. However, synergistic effects were observed in the cells exposed to binary mixtures of anthropogenic contaminants (PCB 153 or fluoranthene) and cyanobacterial extracts. The synergistic effects were especially pronounced after prolonged (6-24 h) co-exposure to fluoranthene and A. gracile extract, when mixture caused nearly complete GJIC inhibition, while none of the individual components caused any downregulation of GJIC at the same concentration and exposure time. The effects of cyanobacterial extracts were independent of microcystin-LR or cylindrospermopsin, which were not detected in cyanobacterial biomass. It provides further evidence on the presence of unknown tumor promoting metabolites in cyanobacteria. Clear potentiation of the GJIC inhibition observed in the mixtures of two anthropogenic contaminants and cyanobacteria highlight the importance of combined toxic effects of chemicals in complex environmental mixtures.