Zr-MOFs loaded on polyurethane foam by polydopamine for enhanced dye adsorption

Zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) have attracted widespread attention due to their high specific surface area, high porosity, abundant metal active sites and excellent hydrothermal stability. However, Zr-MOFs materials are mostly powdery in nature and thus difficult to separate from aqueous media, which limits their application in wastewater treatment. In this study, PDA/Zr-MOFs/PU foam was constructed by growing Zr-MOFs nanoparticles on a dopamine-modified polyurethane foam substrate by in-situ hydrothermal synthesis as an adsorbent for removing dyes from wastewater. The results demonstrated that the polydopamine coating improves the dispersion of the Zr-MOFs nanoparticles on the substrate and enhances the interaction between the Zr-MOFs nanoparticles and the PU foam substrate. As a result, compared with Zr-MOFs/PU foam, the prepared PDA/Zr-MOFs/PU foam exhibits higher adsorption capacity for crystal violet (CV) (63.38 mg/g) and rhodamine B (RB) (67.73 mg/g), with maximum adsorption efficiencies of CV and RB of 98.4% (pH=11) and 93.5% (pH=7), respectively, at a concentration of 10 mg/L. The PDA/Zr-MOFs/PU foam can simultaneously remove CV and RB from the mixed solution. Moreover, the PDA/Zr-MOFs/PU foam still exhibits high stability and reusability after five cycles.     

改进碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料吸附硝基苯

以酸化碳纳米管(CNTs)强化聚氨酯泡沫(PUF),通过原位聚合法制备碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料(CPUF)。借助红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热失重分析(TGA)和力学性能测试等方法研究和表征了CPUF复合材料的性能和结构。研究了用CPUF复合材料对人工模拟废水中硝基苯(NB)的吸附性能、影响因素及其再生后吸附效果。结果表明,CPUF复合材料对硝基苯具有较强的吸附能力,在p H=5.4、投加量为2 g/L、接触时间24 h的条件下,升高温度会降低CPUF复合材料的饱和吸附量,但会提高初始吸附速率,等温吸附过程符合Langmuir方程,属于单分子吸附。饱和后的复合材料可采用简单热再生,再生后对NB的吸附能力没有明显下降。     

导电泡沫陶瓷过滤柴油机排气微粒的研究

柴油机排气微粒对环境危害严重,研究开发排气过滤技术是解决问题的有效措施之一.利用表面密集排列短纤维的导电泡沫陶瓷作为微粒过滤器的滤芯,对柴油机排气微粒的过滤效率可达90%,并可进行原位通电加热再生,再生后过滤效率不下降.同时,对表面纤维化导电泡沫陶瓷的过滤机理进行了初步探讨.     

包装装备跌落撞击缓冲特性分析

目的 获得尺寸和质量最小的缓冲结构.方法 基于能量守恒原理,建立包装装备缓冲结构撞击环境缓冲特性理论分析的数学模型,获得正撞和侧撞工况下缓冲结构尺寸和防护效果的变化关系.研究采用新型泡沫填充蜂窝材料的缓冲结构设计,优选泡沫填充蜂窝材料参数.建立缓冲结构撞击环境的物质点法计算模型,开展高速撞击的数值仿真.分析包装装备在撞击环境下的吸能效果,获得被保护产品的速度变化曲线.结果 在不同撞击姿态的撞击环境下,缓冲结构尺寸随撞击能量的增大而增大,缓冲材料密度减小和平台应力增大可减小缓冲结构尺寸.优选密度为600 kg/m3的泡沫填充蜂窝材料,可使得缓冲结构尺寸和质量最小,相比于传统木材,可降低质量约49％.物质点数值计算分析验证了该缓冲结构可将高速撞击速度降低到目标低速撞击水平.结论 采用泡沫铝填充蜂窝吸能材料的缓冲结构,满足撞击环境缓冲防护的安全性需求,可大幅降低整体质量.     

热排水对原生动物群落的影响

在水温20—50℃范围内,应用PFU和挂片法收集原生动物群落。根据MacArthur-Wilson区系平衡模型S_i=S_(aq)(1-e~(-GT),用最小二乘法迭代,求得不同温度下群集过程的三个功能参数:S_(aq),G,t_(90)％。讨论了原生动物群落结构和功能参数与温度的关系。结果表明,原生动物群落的种类数和数量在30℃左右最多;原生动物群落的结构和功能以30℃为最佳,继续增温将使群落结构变简单,功能下降.     

纳米氢氧化铝三相泡沫制备研究*

为更好地解决煤矿采空区煤炭自燃问题,以十二烷基硫酸钠为主体进行发泡剂复配,通过泡沫性能测试实验,研制出高性能发泡剂。以纳米氢氧化铝作为固相颗粒,制备出发泡倍数高、稳定性强的纳米氢氧化铝三相泡沫,使用锥形量热仪研究其高温阻燃能力和消烟性能。实验结果表明:当纳米氢氧化铝的质量分数从0提高到1%时,泡沫体积从500 mL增长至830 mL;当质量分数从3%提高到4%时,泡沫析液半衰期由15 min提升至42 min,且能在完全析液后保留三维网状结构。在高温阻燃和消烟能力方面,纳米氢氧化铝三相泡沫的加入将点燃时间从24 s延长至87 s,持续燃烧时间从835 s缩短至325 s,热释放速率高峰值从97.2 kW/m2降低至49.8 kW/m2,烟气生成速率峰值从0.064 m2/s降低至0.012 m2/s,对CO,CO2释放速率也有一定抑制作用。     

Developing a CFD heat transfer model for applying high expansion foam in an LNG spill

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is widely used to cost-effectively store and transport natural gas. However, a spill of LNG can create a vapor cloud, which can potentially cause fire and explosion. High expansion (HEX) foam is recommended by the NFPA 11 to mitigate the vapor hazard and control LNG pool fire. In this study, the parameters that affect HEX foam performance were examined using lab-scale testing of foam temperature profile and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of heat transfer in vapor channels. A heat transfer model using ANSYS Fluent® was developed to estimate the minimum HEX foam height that allows the vapors from LNG spillage to disperse rapidly. We also performed a sensitivity analysis on the effect of the vaporization rate, the diameter of the vapor channel, and the heat transfer coefficient on the required minimum height of the HEX foam. It can be observed that at least 1.2 m of HEX foam in height are needed to achieve risk mitigation in a typical situation. The simulation results can be used not only for understanding the heat transfer mechanisms when applying HEX foam but also for suggesting to the LNG facility operator how much HEX foam they need for effective risk mitigation under different conditions.     

Physical,Mechanical, and Morphological Characteristics of Extruded Starch Acetate Foams

Starch acetates with degrees of substitution (DS) of 0.57, 1.11, 1.68, and 2.23 were prepared and extruded with either water or ethanol. The microstructure, physical properties (radial expansion ratio [RER] and unit density), mechanical properties (spring index [SI] and compressibility), and crystalline structure of the foams were investigated. The functional properties were a function of DS and blowing agent type. When water was used as the blowing agent and DS increased, the foams were pale yellow, with rough and uneven surfaces. The cells were dense, with thick cell walls. Lower RER and SI, with higher DS, were associated with high unit density and compressibility. When ethanol was used as the blowing agent, contrary results were observed. The snow-white foams had smooth surfaces, uniform cells, and smooth cell walls. High RER and SI, and low unit density and compressibility were observed. The changes in SI and compressibility with RER also were examined and found to depend on the type of solvent. A crystalline pattern was observed because of the formation of well-ordered structures during extrusion.     

泡沫塑料鞋制造区VOCs污染特征及臭氧生成潜势

于泡沫塑料鞋制造集中区和周边设置了5个采样点,研究其大气VOCs的污染特征和对臭氧生成的潜在影响.结果显示泡沫塑料制鞋行业大气VOCs组成以烷烃（38.4%）、含氧挥发性有机物（33.5%）和芳香烃（19.5%）为主,80种VOCs浓度为137.1~169.0μg/m³（均值149.1μg/m³）.正戊烷、异戊烷、正丁烷、异丁烷、甲醛、甲苯、间/邻二甲苯、丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯为泡沫塑料鞋制造行业的特征VOCs.总VOCs、特征VOCs类型（含氧挥发性有机物、芳香烃）和特征VOCs组分（甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、丁酮、乙酸乙酯）的浓度空间变化趋势依次为污染区 > 受影响区（下风向） > 对照区（上风向）.同时,采用最大增量反应活性（MIR）方法估算了VOCs的臭氧生成潜势（OFP）,均值为544.6μg/m³,表明泡沫塑料鞋制造导致了周边环境空气VOCs污染且对臭氧生成存在明显潜在影响.     

广州市区人工湖泊PFU原生动物群落群集过程及其对水质差异的指示作用

应用PFU法(GB／T12990-91)对广州市区主要湖泊——流花湖、荔湾湖和麓湖的原生动物群落与水质进行研究．结果表明：用PFU法所测定和计算的原生动物群集的种类数、植鞭虫指数、群集参数(SeqG、T90%)、群落多样性指数d和群落污染值(CPV)等都能较好地指示3个人工湖泊水质的差异，水质由优到劣的排列顺序为麓湖＞荔湾湖＞流花湖．流花湖、荔湾湖和麓湖目前虽仍处于富营养状态，但清污截流等对城市湖泊污染的综合治理措施可以减少湖泊外部营养物负荷及沉积物内负荷，降低水体的营养盐含量，有助于原生动物群落的恢复．图3表3参16