我国城乡居民环境维权方式调查分析——以大学生实践及调查问卷为样本

严重的环境污染势必会带来对公民财产和人身的损害。为探寻我国城乡居民环境维权的具体方式,选择了一些地区对其进行了调查。通过调查资料及现场调查内容的汇总分析,发现：不同维权方式、不同的雏权群体、不同环境污染（或生态破坏）类型、不同的环境污染（或生态破坏）的认知度等情形下,会有不同环境维权方式;在环境维权中,公民对政府的依赖性较大;公民理性维权需要政府与相关主体的引导。     

大王滩水库秋季浮游植物分布初探

2011年秋季对大王滩水库开展了藻类采样监测,分别从藻类定性和定量分析入手,分析了种类组成与数量的分布特征,并进行了富营养化评价。监测表明秋季大王滩水库主要是蓝藻门的细鞘丝藻占优势。垂直分布上,表层浮游植物密度大大高于底层密度,从藻类生物量看和从优势种看,大王滩水库秋季可判定为富营养状态。     

营口近岸海域污染现状调查分析

无机氮和活性磷酸盐是营口近岸海域的特征污染物,对营口近岸海域造成了一定程度的污染。通过对营口近岸海域污染调查分析,提出了控制改善这种状况的建议和措施。     

生产安全事故责任认定定量化方法的探讨

当前,我国生产安全事故的责任认定是在事故调查组分析调查事故原因后,对事故责任者承担的责任进行定性的责任认定,受一定的主观因素影响。为了避免主观因素的影响,本文提出了一种责任认定定量化方法,该方法首先从安全管理、安全技术和职业健康卫生三方面建立了完善的事故影响因素集;然后在分析事故原因后采用专家打分法(德尔菲法)确定各影响因素的影响度,并计算出与事故相关的责任者的累加影响度,即责任大小;最后根据事故造成的人员伤亡和经济损失情况对事故责任者作出处理。此方法对生产安全事故责任认定更加公正客观。     

利用X射线吸收近边结构光谱(XANES)研究水泥窑共处置产品中Ni和Cd的微观组成

在模拟水泥窑中高温煅烧掺有Ni、Cd化学试剂的水泥生料,并由制取的水泥熟料制备水泥净浆片.利用X射线吸收近边结构光谱（XANES）对水泥窑共处置产品中Ni、Cd的微观组成进行了研究.结果表明：Ni在水泥窑煅烧过程中发生了较为彻底的化学变化,形成了Ni-Mg化合物,该化合物可能是以氧化物、氢氧化物或碳酸盐的形式存在;水泥...     

建阳市农业面源污染调查与防治对策研究

就目前建阳市农业面源污染的现状进行调查,并提出防治对策。     

固定污染源废气监测工况核查重点

在多年废气固定污染源监测工作经验的基础上,对装置和设施的生产运行状态（即工况）影响固定污染源监测结果质量的因素进行了分析和总结,提出了相关的工况核查重点及方法。     

荆江分洪区1998年洪水转移调查分析

对荆江分洪区１９９８年洪水期间安全转移的调查表明,叶然有分洪预案,但实际转移时仍出现了相当程度的拥挤与混乱。完善分洪转移的组织与管理,已成为分洪区居民１９９８年转移后关注的焦点,分洪区居民普遍表现出对分洪洪水情不甚了解,通过各种方式开展有关洪水的宣伟,提高区内居民的防洪意识,是荆江分洪区未来防洪减灾的重点工作之一,由于是国家为保护更重要的地区而主动分洪。对分洪区历分洪蒙受的损失给预某种形式的补偿已     

Why are powered two wheeler riders still fatally injured in road junction crashes? – A causation analysis

Introduction: Powered Two Wheeler (PTW) crashes continue to be a road safety concern with a plateauing of the number of associated fatalities. Method: Forty one UK fatal or serious injury crashes involving a PTW and another vehicle at a junction were examined. Crash causation was analysed using the Driver Reliability and Error Analysis Method (DREAMv3.2). Crashes were split into two groups: Group A, where the other vehicle was travelling in the opposite direction to the PTW and commenced a right turn across the PTW’s path; and Group B where the other vehicle turned right out of a side road (or entrance) across the PTW’s path. Results: Overall, the factor that led directly to the crash (phenotype) was most commonly ‘too high speed’ or ‘too late action’ for the motorcyclist and ‘too early action’ for the other driver. Missed or late observations were contributory factors for both PTW riders and other vehicle drivers. Some differences between groups were observed with the PTW riders in Group B more likely to have ‘insufficient skills’ and the other vehicle drivers in Group A more likely to have ‘attention allocation’ as a causation factor. For both groups the crashes occurred because the other vehicle failed to give way to the PTW with causation chains that suggest ‘looked but failed to see’ is still an issue in this type of crash. The excessive speed of the PTW contributed to some crashes. Conclusions: This analysis suggests that drivers failing to give way to PTW riders at junctions is still a problem. This may relate to the ‘looked but did not see’ phenomenon. Causation differences were observed between the examined groups. Practical considerations: The DREAM methodology is an effective tool in analysing crash data from police collision investigation reports. Different countermeasures may be necessary to prevent different types of junction crashes.     

Environmental forensic investigation of the air pollution from a cement manufacturing unit

Abstract

Cement manufacturing is a process that results in the emission of significant quantities of suspended particulate matter (SPM) to the ambient air. An environmental forensic investigation was carried out in the surroundings of a major cement manufacturing unit at a place called Coimbatore in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The investigation was carried out to identify the contribution of the cement manufacturing unit to the SPM concentration of the surrounding air environment. The sampling points’ selection and sample collection were done following the principles outlined in the INTERPOL Manual for Pollution Crime Forensic Investigation. On-site monitoring of the air samples was carried out using Mini Laser Aerosol Spectrometer (GRIMM, Mini-LAS Model 11R). The instrument was capable of measuring particles ranging from 0.25 to 32 µm and classifying them into 31 size channels. The test results at majority of the monitoring locations were well above the limits specified in the National Ambient Air Quality Standards of India. Microscopic studies of the dust samples were carried out for surface texture and particle shape. The spatial distribution of particles was analysed using geographic information system (GIS) for the visual identification of the extent of the pollution by keeping the cement factory as the focal point. The results from the GIS and microscopic analysis established the role of the cement factory in the particulate matter pollution of its surroundings, specifically in the areas North-West of the factory. The successfully adopted procedure can serve as a guideline for the environmental forensic investigation of similar pollution incidences.