化工火灾事故调查方法研究

为克服化工火灾调查中人为因素的影响,增强事故调查的科学性和准确性,在总结化工火灾现场特点的基础上,提出化工火灾事故调查时应遵循的假设推理法,通过证据收集、分析资料、建立假设、检验假设和选择假设,构建化工火灾事故调查的证据系统,包括实物证据,位置证据、文件证据和人证,从火灾动力学角度分析了火灾痕迹的影响因素。结果表明:假设推理法重视证据收集,综合使用归纳推理和演绎推理,有助于避免主观判断的影响;采用系统方法收集证据,扩大证据收集的范围,列举证据清单和优先考虑敏感性证据的方法有助于提高调查效率;火灾行为、材料的热响应和灭火行动对火灾痕迹的形成有直接影响,分析时应充分考虑,以免作出错误的判断。     

秦皇岛室内甲醛污染现状调查及其防控

选取典型小区,对秦皇岛市室内甲醛污染现状进行了调查,调查结果表明秦皇岛市住宅内甲醛污染严重,并将全过程控制理论应用于住宅装修过程中,有效降低了室内甲醛污染,提出了通过通风、选材、加温加湿、负离子功能产品、室内净化设施等多种措施来有效控制室内甲醛污染。     

武当山盾叶薯蓣生态环境及其分布规律

通过调查,笔者基本摸清了武当山－带盾叶蓣的生态环境和分布规律。根据分析,叶薯预干片中皂甙配基含量为１．０５－６．８％,平均含量为３．１１％,由此证明武当山一带是我国盾叶薯蓣皂甙配基含量较高的产区。但株间和生态环境的差异与皂甙配基含量的高低有一定关系。     

街道峡谷地面源污染物扩散规律的风洞试验研究

在风洞中１／２５０街道峡谷模型的底板内释放示踪气体，通过对浓度分布特征的观测，分析了街道峡谷 面湖泊污染物的扩散过程及其与街道建筑物结构，风向及排放源强度等因素之间的关系，探讨了中性边界层风洞模拟微尺度湍流扩散过程的相似准则与相似参数，为建立街道峡谷地面源污染物扩散模型提供了物理基础。     

新疆阿尔泰山森林生态系统碳密度与碳储量估算

为科学评估新疆森林碳汇功能提供更准确的基础数据,论文基于在阿尔泰山布设的35个样地实测数据,参考2011年新疆森林资源清查资料,研究了我国境内阿尔泰山森林生态系统碳储量、碳密度及其空间分布特征。结果表明：1）阿尔泰山森林生态系统平均生物量为126.67 t·hm^-2,各组分生物量大小排序为：乔木层（120.84 t·hm^-2）>草本层（4.22 t·hm^-2）>凋落物层（1.61 t·hm^-2）,乔木各器官中,干、根、叶和枝分别占乔木生物量的50%、22%、16%和12%,干所占比例最大;林龄对植被生物量影响显著,生物量随林龄的增长而增加;2）生物量平均含碳率在0.40~0.53范围内,各组分、乔木各器官含碳率均不同,且林龄对含碳率影响显著;3）阿尔泰山森林生态系统碳密度为205.72 t·hm^-2,碳储量为131.35 Tg,其中土壤层、乔木层、草本层和凋落物层碳储量分别为86.67、43.09、1.03、0.56 Tg,土壤层和乔木层碳储量分别占阿尔泰山森林生态系统总碳储量的66%和33%,构成阿尔泰山森林生态系统的主要碳储存库;不同龄级的碳储量表现为成熟林最大,过熟林次之,两者合计占生态系统总碳储量的61%;4）阿尔泰山森林生态系统碳密度整体呈南高北低分布,是由西北—东南不同的环境因子影响所致。     

昆明市城市污水处理厂现状调查和分析

对昆明市城市污水处理厂处理规模、处理工艺、纳污范围和污染物去除率、排放量、排放达标情况等进行了调查分析,提出需要解决的问题.     

乌鲁木齐市生态环境现状调查

乌鲁木齐市深居亚欧大陆腹地,远离海洋,气候干旱,降水稀少,植被稀疏,风沙危害严重,生态极期脆弱,属典型的温带半干旱绿洲生态环境。对乌鲁木齐市“八五”及“九五”期间的生态环境状况进行了多方面的调查分析。并就存在的问题谈了作者的观点,以供同行参考。     

Why are powered two wheeler riders still fatally injured in road junction crashes? – A causation analysis

Introduction: Powered Two Wheeler (PTW) crashes continue to be a road safety concern with a plateauing of the number of associated fatalities. Method: Forty one UK fatal or serious injury crashes involving a PTW and another vehicle at a junction were examined. Crash causation was analysed using the Driver Reliability and Error Analysis Method (DREAMv3.2). Crashes were split into two groups: Group A, where the other vehicle was travelling in the opposite direction to the PTW and commenced a right turn across the PTW’s path; and Group B where the other vehicle turned right out of a side road (or entrance) across the PTW’s path. Results: Overall, the factor that led directly to the crash (phenotype) was most commonly ‘too high speed’ or ‘too late action’ for the motorcyclist and ‘too early action’ for the other driver. Missed or late observations were contributory factors for both PTW riders and other vehicle drivers. Some differences between groups were observed with the PTW riders in Group B more likely to have ‘insufficient skills’ and the other vehicle drivers in Group A more likely to have ‘attention allocation’ as a causation factor. For both groups the crashes occurred because the other vehicle failed to give way to the PTW with causation chains that suggest ‘looked but failed to see’ is still an issue in this type of crash. The excessive speed of the PTW contributed to some crashes. Conclusions: This analysis suggests that drivers failing to give way to PTW riders at junctions is still a problem. This may relate to the ‘looked but did not see’ phenomenon. Causation differences were observed between the examined groups. Practical considerations: The DREAM methodology is an effective tool in analysing crash data from police collision investigation reports. Different countermeasures may be necessary to prevent different types of junction crashes.     

Hydroxyurea explosion: a thermoanalytical and calorimetric study

An accident occurred during a production process of hydroxyurea. Several thermoanalytical techniques were used in order to understand the reason for the accident, even utilising a simulation program. Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy were performed to identify the decomposition products according to European Directive 96/82/EC, the so-called Seveso II.     

我国非煤矿山安全生产现状、研究与发展

对我国非煤矿山的安全生产现状进行了系统调查,探讨了我国非煤矿山在21世纪开采条件的不利变化以及潜在的事故隐患,提出了确保非煤矿山的安全生产亟待开展的研究课题以及长远安全科技发展规划。