胺化凹凸棒黏土的制备及甲醛吸附性能研究

以乙醇胺、乙二胺、二乙烯三胺和三乙醇胺为胺源,采用水热法对凹凸黏土进行胺化处理,制备甲醛吸附剂。通过X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜、能量分析光谱仪、氮气吸附-脱附等温线和傅里叶红外光谱对样品粉末进行表征测试,探究不同胺处理的黏土对甲醛吸附性能的差异。结果表明:黏土经胺化处理后,表面带有氨基,对甲醛均具有较好的吸附性能,其中乙醇胺处理的黏土样品吸附性最强,循环吸附6次的过程中,试验箱内甲醛浓度均低于0.1 mg/m3。     

凹凸棒石吸附氧化催化剂对甲醛的脱除研究

以酸改性凹凸棒石为载体,采用浸渍法以不同金属氧化物做活性组分进行了脱除甲醛的活性组分筛选,通过正交实验优化制备氧化锰凹凸棒吸附氧化催化剂工艺条件.结果表明,负载9%(质量分数)的锰氧化物,300℃焙烧4h制备的粒度为40～60目的凹凸棒吸附氧化催化剂在初始浓度为9.5552mg·m-3的甲醛空气中,24h时对甲醛的吸附量可达到0.188mg·g-1,甲醛脱除率达到98.35%.傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)及X射线衍射(XRD)测试表明,凹凸棒吸附氧化催化剂对空气中的甲醛在室温下起到了吸附与催化氧化的作用.     

室内甲醛污染治理技术研究

鉴于室内空气甲醛污染的危害,使用市售的"家丁"牌甲醛消除剂,对其去除甲醛性能进行了测试研究.研究结果表明,甲醛消除剂可以快速、有效地消除室内空气中的甲醛,又可以减少室内装修材料中游离甲醛的释放,是治理室内空气甲醛污染的有效手段之一.     

陕西省甲醛柱浓度时空变化及影响因子分析

基于Aura-OMI传感器L2-V003甲醛日产品数据,分析陕西省2010~2018年对流层的甲醛柱浓度时空分布特征,并结合自然和人为因素等进行探讨,结果表明：研究区9年间甲醛柱浓度年际均值呈波动上升趋势,空间分布上关中地区向南北两侧递减.最小值出现在2017年,为9.45×10¹⁵molec/cm²;最高值出现在2018年,为17.40×10¹⁵molec/cm²,年均值为12.82×10¹⁵molec/cm²,季节均值水平为：夏季 > 冬季 > 秋季 > 春季,其中秋季波动性最大,春季最小.月均值幅度较大,呈周期性现象.甲醛浓度稳定性沿秦岭山脉向南北两侧递减;风向、气温和降水等自然因素均对甲醛空间分布产生重要影响,以汉中市为主,植被覆盖度与甲醛呈正相关区域,房屋建筑竣工面积、工业废气排放量、汽车保有量及大气传输等也是引起甲醛浓度变化的重要因素,针对不同区域时空分布特征结合自然、社会因素的相关性分析,提出合理性建议.     

基于卫星遥感中国甲醛的时空分布及影响因子

基于OMIHCHO数据日产品,对2016年全国甲醛柱浓度数据进行了提取分析,并结合全国各省市温度、降雨量、植被覆盖度、人类活动等数据,在空间上与甲醛柱浓度做了相关性分析.结果表明：我国甲醛柱浓度空间分布极不平衡,呈现出东部及东南部地区甲醛柱浓度值普遍较高,而我国的西部及西北部地区表现出较低值;甲醛柱浓度月均值最低为8.31×10¹⁵molec/cm²,出现在10月份,最高为11.87×10¹⁵molec/cm²,出现在6月份,如果按照季节划分甲醛柱浓度均值,夏季 > 春季 > 冬季 > 秋季;从气象因子与甲醛柱浓度相关性分析结果来看,温度与甲醛柱浓度之间的相关性更为密切,但表现出空间上的差异性,此外,雨水对甲醛有一定的消除作用,但也在空间上有差异;由植被与甲醛柱浓度相关性结果来看,植被主要对东部及东南部地区甲醛柱浓度影响作用明显.甲醛柱浓度与各省市的地区生产总值、各产业增加值、机动车保有量的变化也存在着明显的相关性,而各产业增加值中工业与其相关性最高,说明工业排放和汽车尾气也是甲醛的主要来源.     

Measurements of carbonyls in a 13-story building

BACKGROUND, AIM AND SCOPE: Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are emitted by many mobile and stationary sources and secondary aldehydes are intermediates in the photo-oxidation of organic compounds in the atmosphere. These aldehydes are emitted indoors by many materials such as furniture, carpets, heating and cooling systems, an by smoking. Carbonyls, mainly formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, have been studied because of their adverse health effects. In addition, formaldehyde is a suspected carcinogen. Therefore, the concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were determined to assess the inhalation exposure doses to carbonyls for people who work in a 13-story building and in order to evaluate the cancer hazard. METHODS: Carbonyl compounds in indoor and outdoor air were measured at a 13-story building located in Mexico City. The mezzanine, fifth and tenth floors, and the third level-parking garage were selected for sampling. Samples were collected in two sampling periods, the first from April 20 to 29, 1998 and the second from December 1 to 20, 1998. Carbonyls were sampled by means of DNHP-coated cartridges at a flow rate of 1 l min(-1) from 9:00 to 19:00 hours, during 2-hour time intervals and analyzed by HPLC with hours, during 2-hour time intervals and analyzed by HPLC with UV/VIS detection. RESULTS: Mean carbonyl concentrations were highest in the 3rd level-parking garage, with the formaldehyde concentration being the highest ranging from 108 to 418 microg m(-3). In working areas, the highest carbonyl arithmetic mean concentrations (AM) were observed on the 5th floor. Acetone and formaldehyde concentrations were highest in April ranging from 161 to 348 microg m(-3) (AM = 226) and from 157 to 270 microg m(-3) (AM = 221), respectively. Propionaldehyde and butyraldehyde were present in smaller concentrations ranging from 2 to 25 and 1 to 28 microg m(-3), respectively, considering all the samples. Mean indoor/outdoor ratios of carbonyls ranged from 1.8 to 9.6. A reduction of inhalation exposure doses of 41% and 45% was observed in the fifth floor air after the air conditioning systems had been repaired. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde concentrations were higher in smoking environments. CONCLUSION: Indoor carbonyl concentrations were significantly greater than outdoor concentrations. Tobacco smoke seems to be the main indoor source of formaldehyde. After the air conditioning system was maintained and repaired (as was recommended), an important reduction in the emission of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde was achieved on all floors, except for the 3rd level parking garage, thereby reducing the inhalation exposure doses. RECOMMENDATION: The results obtained in this research demonstrated that maintenance of air conditioning systems must be carried out regularly in order to avoid possible adverse effects on health. Additionally, it is mandatory that isolated smoking areas, with air extraction systems, be installed in every public building.     

工业锅炉燃烧处理甲醛尾气技术

介绍了一种用工业锅炉燃烧处理甲醛尾气的方法。在对该技术的可行性进行分析的基础上，进行了甲醛尾气燃烧的工业性试验及实际应用。实际应用结果表明，该工艺简单易行，不仅投资少，而且经济效益显著。     

光催化氧化法处理甲醛废水的研究

用二氧化钛作催化剂，对较低浓度甲醛废水进行了光催化氧化处理试验。研究了催化剂用量、溶液pH、甲醛初始浓度及外加氧化剂等因素对光催化氧化的影响。试验结果表明，增加催化剂用量可以显著增加反应速度，提高降解效率；增强溶液的酸性和碱性都可以加快甲醛的降解速度，且碱性条件更加有利；在试验浓度范围内，甲醛的起始浓度对其降解反应基本没有影响；外加氧化剂双氧水可以在没有紫外光条件下，很快将甲醛氧化。     

住宅装修引起贫血疾病的分析报告

通过对1例住宅装修中甲醛超标引起户主外周血贫血的分析，评价了甲醛对人体健康的危害。简述了室内空气污染物对人体健康的危害。     

超临界乙醇流体制取活性炭-TiO2光催化剂复合材料的研究

研究表明：在超临界乙醇流体介质下钛酸异丙酯能有效地分解成具光催化活性的锐钛矿型TiO2粒子，同时产生的TiO2粒子可与活性炭融合成一体，形成的活性炭－TiO2光催化剂复合材料具很好的光催化活性与吸附作用，而且具有的协同效应优于活性炭与TiO2样品的物理混合形式。