源分离尿液营养物质回收与处理技术研究进展

源分离尿液中含有大量的氮、磷等营养物质,具有污染性和资源性的双重特征。利用源分离系统对尿液单独收集处理,在降低生活污水中污染负荷的同时,还能够回收利用尿液中的氮、磷等营养物质。讨论了源分离尿液中营养物质的回收及对尿液的处理方法,分别对沉淀结晶技术、物理脱水技术、吹脱吸收技术、离子交换吸附技术、生物处理技术、电化学技术等方法的特点、原理、应用范围与研究现状进行综述,并对其技术的发展趋势进行展望,指出今后的研究热点将集中于真正实现源分离尿液的资源化、无害化和规模化。     

利用截留数定量表征流速变化时DANPL驱替运移行为

SEAR(Surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation)技术被用于修复DANPL,其修复机制分为增溶作用和驱替作用,其中驱替作用对于DNAPL的修复更为有效.多孔介质中DNAPL的驱替运移过程中,定量评价DNAPL的修复行为极为重要.本文利用多相流数值模型UTCHEM探究了流速对DNAPL驱替运移行为的影响.通过截留数定量评价流速变化时DNAPL的驱替行为,结果表明流速变化时,截留数能较准确描述驱替运移行为及流速变化时DNAPL的驱替效率.以截留数的两个分量毛管数和邦德数的比值定义的角度τ能够较准确预测不同流速条件下驱替作用过程中残留DNAPL的运移路径.     

Recovery following the Gediz earthquake: a study of four villages of western Turkey

This paper is the result of a social and economic survey of four villages in the Gediz region of South West Anatolia, Turkey, which was undertaken in two phases, October/November 1982 and March/April 1984. The specific aims of this survey were to define what was perceived as recovery in the local social, cultural and economic context and to measure recovery in communities which had suffered different degrees of distress and loss following the earthquake and, consequently, had received different amounts and kinds of assistance from the government. Essentially, therefore, the survey sought to answer the question – how far did the government programme of assistance promote recovery and over what period of time? The implications of such an inquiry concern what constitutes appropriate assistance following earthquake in rural communities. It is hoped that studies of this kind can help to guide decision making of both national governments and international humanitarian organizations on the role of material aid in the process of recovery. This is particularly urgent in view of the fact that preliminary investigations of other small rural and under-developed communities struck by earthquake suggest that material aid may actually preclude recovery in the longer term.     

Methane Emissions from Large Dams as Renewable Energy Resources: A Developing Nation Perspective

By means of a theoretical model, bootstrap resampling and data provided by the International Commission On Large Dams (ICOLD (2003) World register of dams. http://www.icold-cigb.org) we found that global large dams might annually release about 104 ± 7.2 Tg CH₄ to the atmosphere through reservoir surfaces, turbines and spillways. Engineering technologies can be implemented to avoid these emissions, and to recover the non-emitted CH₄ for power generation. The immediate benefit of recovering non-emitted CH₄ from large dams for renewable energy production is the mitigation of anthropogenic impacts like the construction of new large dams, the actual CH₄ emissions from large dams, and the use of unsustainable fossil fuels and natural gas reserves. Under the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol, such technologies can be recognized as promising alternatives for human adaptations to climate change concerning sustainable power generation, particularly in developing nations owning a considerable number of large dams. In view of novel technologies to extract CH₄ from large dams, we estimate that roughly 23 ± 2.6, 2.6 ± 0.2 and 32 ± 5.1 Tg CH₄ could be used as an environmentally sound option for power generation in Brazil, China and India, respectively. For the whole world this number may increase to around 100 ± 6.9 Tg CH₄.     

关于中国在用汽车排污控制的若干问题--柴油车部分

文章结合《点燃式发动机汽车排气污染物排放限值及测量方法（双怠速法及简易工况法）》（GB18285—2005）修订中的重大问题阐述中国在用汽油车排气烟度控制方面的新要求。主要包括：增加高怠速排污检测、对电喷汽车增加过量空气系数（λ）的限定、新规定了国1以来的在用汽油车双怠速排放限值、双燃料车要对两种燃料分别检测、对简易工况检测法作了规定、制定简易工况检测法排放限值的基本原则和方法、供地方参考的排放限值等。     

2—氨基—5—萘酚—7—磺酸生产废液的资源回用工艺研究

本文应用有机胺的离子缔合萃取作用回收了２－氨基－５－萘酚－７－磺酸生产废液中的９８％以上的有用成分，结果可从号产品吕废液中获取５７２３元的净效益，实现了治理资源回收的双重目的。从萃取体系的特性及其影响因素入手，深入研究了萃取剂浓度，待萃物含量及萃取效率的关系，建立了萃取体系的等温方程：１／Ｘ／Ｍ＝７．１９＋３１２．９１／Ｃ，ｒ＝０．９９９７。     

活性艳红X-3B染料清洁生产工艺研究

提出了活性艳红X -3B染料生产中盐析滤液减压蒸发回收工业盐循环利用的清洁生产工艺 ,并通过试验 ,得出盐析滤液温度 80℃、真空度 0 .0 8MPa、冷凝器出水温度 40℃为最佳操作条件组合     

稠油采油污水回用于热采锅炉用水的研究

利用曝气除油、引气气浮、化学除硅、树脂吸附和软化的方法对稠油污水进行处理，出水完全达到热采锅炉用水指标，可用于热采锅炉给水，为解决污水排污染环境和热采生产供水不足的矛盾提供了可行的技术工艺。     

阴离子交换萃取体系对废旧电子线路板中铜的提取

主要研究了三异辛胺(N235)的阴离子交换萃取体系对废旧电子线路板中铜的提取。萃取体系的组成为N235(40％)-异辛醇(20％)-煤油(40％)，在HCI介质中对铜进行萃取，在实际样品的应用中，有较为满意的结果。得到了99．06％的硫酸铜晶体。     

以次磷酸钠工业生产废渣为原料回收亚磷酸

讨论了以次磷酸钠工业生产废渣为原料，回收制得亚磷酸钠，再采用电渗析法制备亚磷酸。详细研究了此方法的相关工艺和最佳条件，在最佳条件下，可回收相当于废渣总质量35％的有用产品，工厂将收到明显的经济效益和环境效益。