基于专家地理信息系统(EGIS)的露天采矿烟尘污染环境效应评价模型

针对露天矿山烟尘污染源的特点 ,运用环境评价的原理和方法 ,探讨了传统评价工作中存在的不足 ,将地理信息系统 (GIS)应用到露天矿烟尘污染控制中 ,提出了基于专家地理信息系统 (EGIS)的烟尘污染环境效应评价模型 ,并评述了该模型的重要意义和发展前景     

Influence of fur trade,famine, and forest fires on moose and woodland caribou populations in northwestern Ontario from 1786 to 1911

Hudson’s Bay Company records were used to estimate the 1786–1911 annual number of moose (Alces alces andersonii) and caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) involved in trade by northern Ojibwa natives to the company post at Osnaburgh House (51°10′N 90°15′W) in northwest Ontario, Canada. The human population for the early 19th century, and the number and severity of human starvations from 1786 to 1911 were estimated. The extent of forest fires in the region around Osnaburgh was documented using a “fire-day” index computed from Hudson’s Bay Company journals and using qualitative archival information. It is argued that the human population was too small to have caused the observed early 19th century moose and caribou population decline solely through predation. Likewise, severe early 19th century famines were caused by climatic factors rather than by declines in moose and caribou numbers. Habitat change caused by increased forest fires correlates with the observed decline of caribou, while moose increased and subsequently collapsed as winter shelter was destroyed. A burgeoning human population, sustained during winter food shortages on potatoes donated by the Hudson’s Bay Company, then kept ungulate populations to low levels until the late 19th century. Only then did maturing forests and a new outbreak of fires provide renewed habitat for resurgences of, respectively, caribou and moose.     

井工转露天开采边坡岩体滑移机制的试验研究

井工转露天是一个新的论题,因开采时序的改变,导致边坡体的滑移机制产生了质的变化。应用底面摩擦模型试验和数值模拟方法,针对新的开采时序关系进行了模拟研究,揭示了露天矿延深开采扰动作用下井采区上覆岩体的平衡体系失稳与再活化过程及其演变规律;针对两种开采模式影响域的部分或整体的相互叠加作用特点,分析了自重应力与附加应力的叠加作用属性及开采时序变化对边坡体变形的影响规律,揭示了地下采区对边坡稳定性影响的分区性特点及其影响机制。     

地铁车站深基坑开挖变形及数值模拟分析*

为研究土岩复合地层地铁车站深基坑变形时空效应特征与规律,以南宁地铁某车站基坑为研究背景,在不同施工工况下对车站基坑进行有限元数值模拟,并结合实测数据进行对比。结果表明:数值计算值与现场实测值差距较小,2种变形规律接近一致,有限元计算结果合理。围护结构水平位移随施工进行逐渐增大,呈现鼓肚形状,水平位移由桩顶移动到桩身,最大位移稳定在桩身0.5~0.75H处;围护结构受力集中在第2道和第3道内支撑位置;基坑地表沉降中,长边方向的沉降比短边方向沉降明显,空间效应显著;在地铁车站深基坑中,基于时空效应机理,考虑施工影响,在施工过程中调整施工工序和参数,对基坑稳定和控制变形具有重要指导意义。     

既有大型公共设施改造下紧邻深基坑开挖变形分析*

为探索深基坑开挖与紧邻大型公共设施改造的相互影响,确保施工安全,基于上海体育馆改造及新建地下体育综合体工程,采用有限元软件Plaxis对紧邻深基坑工程大型公共设施“卸载-加载”改造过程进行模拟,详细分析上海体育馆“卸载-加载”改造与紧邻综合体深基坑开挖同时进行对基坑本体及上海体育馆的安全影响,并在此基础上探讨紧邻深基坑工程大型公共设施改造最优工序。结果表明:在基坑开挖至第2道支撑时进行加载改造为最不利工况,且围护结构侧向位移将超过规范允许值,在施工中应严格避免;最优工序为完成第1道支撑后进行卸载改造,完成第2道支撑后进行加载改造。     

基于粗集理论算法-脊波神经网络的深基坑变形预测与应用

基坑开挖变形具有非线性特性,在脊波神经网络的基础上,采用粗集理论算法优化初始权值和阈值,建立了基于粗集理论算法-脊波神经网络的深基坑变形预测模型,应用该模型对西南地区某市火车站综合交通换乘中心南广场的基坑开挖过程进行了变形预测。结果表明:粗集理论算法能够对脊波神经网络进行优化,提高了脊波神经网络基坑变形预测结果的收敛速度和泛化能力;脊波神经网络能逼近基坑变形的非线性部分,避免了模型误差影响基坑开挖变形预测精度,提高了系统整体抗干扰性能。模型的预测值与实测值之间的误差在5%以内,满足实际工程的要求。     

SEASONAL ARIMA INFLOW MODELS FOR RESERVOIR SIZING1

ABSTRACT: The reliable sizing of reservoirs is a very important task of hydraulic engineering. Although many reservoirs throughout the world have been designed using Rippl's mass curves with historical inflow volumes at the dam site, this technique is now considered outdated. In this paper, synthetic series of monthly inflows are used as an alternative to historical inflow records. These synthetic series are generated from stochastic SARIMA (Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) models. The analyzed data refer to the planned Almopeos Reservoir on the Almopeos River in Northern Greece with 19‐year monthly inflow series. The analysis of this study demonstrates the ability of SARIMA models, in conjunction with the adequate transformation, to forecast monthly inflows of one or more months ahead and generate synthetic series of monthly inflows that preserve the key statistics of the historical monthly inflows and their persistence Hurst coefficient K. The forecasted monthly inflows would be of help in evaluating the optimal real time reservoir operation policies and the generated synthetic series of monthly inflows can be used to provide a probabilistic framework for reservoir design and to cope with the situation where the design horizon of interest exceeds the length of the historical inflow record.     

盂县马家沟石灰石矿露天边坡安全管理技术

介绍了马家沟石灰石露天矿边坡安全管理技术及安全管理模式,通过对露天矿边坡可控因素的控制改善,有效地加强了对露天矿边坡的安全管理,减少了露天边坡灾害的发生,保证了露天矿边坡的安全稳定,确保了矿山生产的安全。     

共同沟工艺及给排水设计的几点探讨

我国在工程设计中越来越多地采用共同沟工艺,但尚未有国家层面的标准化的相关规范,因此现阶段的工艺设计在给排水方面需参照国外及国内已兴建的共同管沟,尽可能全面地考虑工程设计中会碰到的问题,由此提出一些设计理念。     

基于数字处理技术的航空铝合金材料孔蚀率计算研究

通过航空LD2材料的加速腐蚀试验,获取该材料试件不同腐蚀周期的腐蚀形貌图像,对腐蚀形貌图像进行基于数字处理技术的一系列处理,最终通过二值特征提取方法得到二值化腐蚀图像,并依据二值化结果计算LD2材料不同腐蚀周期的孔蚀率。计算结果表明,此种方法得到的孔蚀率变化规律与该材料的电化学腐蚀机理较为吻合,并且该方法克服了传统方法计算孔蚀率精确性差的问题,为航空铝合金的孔蚀率计算及相关分析提供了新思路。