济南市泉城公园生态环境需水量初步研究

以生态优先原则、兼容性原则、最大值原则和水质为重点的原则,采用生态环境需水量计算法中的直接计算法、功能法及换水周期法,从林地生态需水量、草地生态需水量、人工河湖蒸发需水量、人工河湖净化需水量、生物栖息地需水量、人工河湖渗漏需水量、景观与娱乐需水量和公园内设施用水等八个方面,对济南市泉城公园的生态环境需水量进行了初步研究。结果表明,在2005年气候条件下,济南泉城公园的生态环境需水量大约为1．0467×10^6m^3。在此基础上对提高泉城公园水资源利用价值及节约用水等方面提出了建议。     

西藏地区春青稞耗水特征及适宜灌溉制度探讨

以中科院拉萨高原生态试验站为依托,通过开展春青稞生长与土壤水分定位观测实验,利用SHAW模型实现对春青稞农田蒸散发与土壤水深层渗漏与补给过程模拟,分析了春青稞的耗水特征,并对其适宜的灌溉制度进行了初步探讨:①春青稞生长期间,耗水450 mm左右,其中,分蘖—拔节、拔节—抽穗、抽穗—蜡熟这3个阶段是春青稞的耗水旺期,耗水量占整个生长期的72%。把握住该时期的水分供应,对提高作物产量十分重要。②在春青稞的需水关键期降水量仅能满足作物需水的58%,必须补充人工灌溉;但现行的灌溉制度由于灌溉量较大,不仅加大土壤蒸发,更造成较大的深层渗漏。③在播种—出苗、拔节—抽穗期分别灌溉50 mm,抽穗—蜡熟期灌溉60 mm,共减少灌溉用水125 mm后,深层渗漏减少了81%(131 mm);深层土壤水向上补给量增加了55%(44 mm)。节水灌溉不仅减少了土壤蒸发与深层渗漏也促使深层土壤水向上补给根系层,应该大力推广这一灌溉制度。     

平板玻璃行业环境影响评价中工程分析要点浅析

在对平板玻璃行业环境影响评价中的工程组成、一般特征和环境影响特征进行全面分析的基础上,详细分析了建设项目的工艺过程、物料平衡、水平衡及硫平衡等,计算污染物的产生量,制订相应的防治措施,并从行业准入条件及清洁生产角度分析了项目建设的可行性,为环境影响预测和评价提供所需基础数据,为项目的环境管理提供建议指标和科学数据。     

废弃液晶屏玻璃基板的行星式球磨工艺研究

以废弃液晶屏玻璃基板为原料,研究了球磨方式和球磨时间在球磨过程中对粉料粒径分布的影响。通过对废弃液晶屏玻璃基板的行星式球磨工艺的研究,探讨了球磨方式、球磨时间等因素对球磨效果的影响,以建立玻璃粉体细化的合理球磨方式和工艺参数。     

An investigation of double-glass-covered trapezoidal salt-gradient solar pond coupled with reflector

In the present study, a trapezoidal salt-gradient solar pond (TSGSP) has been investigated experimentally. The top surface of solar pond has been covered with double-glass cover in order to reduce the evaporative and convective losses from the top. This results in increase of temperature even in the top zone of the solar pond and leads to more volume utilization for heat storage in the pond. A reflector made of aluminium sheet has been used to enhance the solar intensity on the solar pond during sunny hours. A procedure, to determine optimum tilt angle of reflector in order to utilize maximum amount of solar energy at noon, has been proposed. The use of reflector enhanced the average solar intensity on the top surface of solar pond by 22%. The maximum average temperature of trapezoidal solar pond with glass cover and reflector has been observed to be 70.5°C. The thermal efficiencies of LCZ, NCZ and UCZ for the trapezoidal solar pond with double-glass cover and reflector have been estimated to be 32.73%, 23.22% and 5.30%, respectively. In addition to experimental investigation, the sunny area ratio of TSGSP has been theoretically computed and compared with the cuboid solar pond having same top surface area and depth in order to see the effect of pond shape on sunny area ratio. The average yearly sunny area ratio of trapezoidal solar pond has been determined to be 11% higher than that of cuboid one.     

北京2009~2010年冬、春季PM2.5污染特征

针对北京地区冬季和春季PM_2.5污染特征进行研究.于2009年12月～2010年5月在城市点采集24h 大气颗粒物样品,进行颗粒物主要化学组分分析.冬季和春季颗粒物的平均质量浓度分别为（84.97±68.98）μg/m³和（65.25±45.76）μg/m³.冬季和春季颗粒物中二次组分（SNA+SOA）有重要贡献,二次组分分别占颗粒物质量浓度的49%和47%.冬春季重污染时期较强的源排放和低温、低风速、高相对湿度等不利的气象特征使得颗粒物中二次无机离子SNA（NH₄⁺、NO₃^-、SO₄^2-）的比重较干净天明显上升,其中硝酸盐贡献的增强最为显著.同时冬春季有机物中二次有机组分贡献显著.而受一次源的影响,冬春季重污染时期一次有机物的增强.     

Metal levels in computer monitor components discarded in the vicinities of electronic workshops

Levels of Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Cd in the glass screens (GS) and printed wiring boards (PWBs) of obsolete computer monitors (OCMs) were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) following standard digestion. Metal concentrations (mg kg^?1) in GS were in the following ranges (medians in brackets): Pb ND – 3100 (46), Cd 0.5–2.6 (0.8), Cr ND – 18.7 (3.1), and Zn 8.1–600 (37) and in PWBs (mg kg^?1): Pb 34,600 ± 17,000, Cd 11 ± 9, Cr 59 ± 45, Zn 15,900 ± 7800, Cu79,000 ± 22,600, and Ni 3200 ± 2500. In GS, the levels of the six metals were lower than their total threshold limit concentrations (TTLC), except for Pb with a TTLC of 1000 mg kg^?1 in 10% of the samples. In the PWBs, the TTLC of Pb and Cu (2500 mg kg^?1) was exceeded many fold. For Zn (5000 mg kg^?1) and Ni (2000 mg kg^?1); they were exceeded by 90% and 65%, respectively. For OCMs manufactured in 2001 and later, Pb and Zn levels in GS and Cr, Zn, and Ni in PWBs were significantly reduced.     

施肥对不同肥力水平春玉米农田土壤有机碳及其组分的影响

选取辽河灌区不同肥力水平春玉米(Zea mays ssp. mays L.)农田土壤为研究对象,通过连续3年田间定位试验研究施肥对不同层次土壤有机碳组分(TOC、ASOC、LFOC、DOC和MBC)的影响,分析土壤有机碳组分的产量效应.结果表明,连续种植春玉米能够显著增加低产田土壤w(TOC),增加各产田土壤w(ASOC)和w(MBC),降低各产田土壤w(LFOC),土壤w(DOC)变化较小.施肥使土壤w(TOC)增加了-13.41%~7.54%,平均增加了0.16%;使高产田表层(0~10 cm)土壤w(TOC)显著增加,低产田犁底层(20~40 cm)土壤w(TOC)显著降低.施肥使土壤w(ASOC)增加了-13.98%~72.22%,平均增加了15.82%;使低产田犁底层和高产田耕层(10~20 cm)土壤w(ASOC)显著增加,中产田耕层土壤w(ASOC)显著降低.施肥使土壤w(LFOC)增加了-42.60%~168.57%,平均增加了48.83%;使中产田表层和犁底层、高产田表层和耕层土壤w(LFOC)显著增加,高产田犁底层土壤 w(LFOC)显著降低.施肥使土壤 w(DOC)增加了-42.74%~51.29%,平均增加了9.36%;使中产田耕层和犁底层、高产田表层和耕层土壤 w(DOC)显著增加,低产田耕层土壤 w(DOC)显著降低.施肥使土壤 w(MBC)增加了-1.16%~19.97%,平均增加了9.32%,除中产田耕层土壤之外其他土层土壤w(MBC)均有所增加.施肥主要提高土壤ASOC和LFOC含量,促进土壤DOC的变化.施肥显著增加低产田土壤有机碳组分含量,促进中产田土壤有机碳组分变化,增加高产田土壤有机碳耗损.施肥主要增加表层(0~10 cm)土壤有机碳组分含量,耗损犁底层(20~40 cm)土壤有机碳,调解耕层(10~20 cm)土壤活性有机碳组分.施肥对微生物可利用性及结构不同的活性有机碳组分影响不同;高、中、低产田因其土壤理化性状及有机碳本底值不同,对施肥的响应存在差异.施肥总体增加土壤活性有机碳各组分含量,同时通过改变微生物及玉米根系活力影响活性有机碳含量及组分.土壤中有机碳组分与产量的回归方程为(产量)=-4665.61-0.008×w(SOC)-0.421×w (ASOC)-0.777×w (LFOC)+5.370×w (DOC)+33.408×w (MBC).ASOC和MBC具有土壤肥力指示作用,施肥主要通过调控土壤ASOC提高玉米产量.     

Asian Americans and workplace discrimination: The interplay between sex of evaluators and the perception of social skills

In two role‐playing scenarios, we investigate how White male and female evaluators perceive an Asian American versus White job candidate on the dimensions of competence and social skills and how these perceptions affect evaluators' decisions in hiring and promotion. Specifically, Study 1 examines how the perceptions of competence and social skills affect Asian (versus White) college graduates' chance of obtaining a non‐technical (versus technical) position, and Study 2 tests how these perceptions affect Asians' probability of promotion relative to Whites'. Our findings suggest that female evaluators were less likely to select Asian than White candidates into positions involving social skills and were less likely to promote Asian than White candidates into these types of positions. Furthermore, female evaluators' perception that Asians were less socially skilled than Whites mediated both of these decisions. This paper contributes to the understanding of workplace discrimination of Asian Americans. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

玻璃熔窑SCR烟气脱硝设计的影响因素分析

对影响玻璃熔窑SCR烟气脱硝设计的几个主要因素,如烟气条件（烟气量和NOx初始浓度）、还原剂、催化剂、SCR反应器布置方式及催化剂吹灰方式等进行了分析与讨论,指出在对玻璃熔窑进行SCR烟气脱硝设计时应根据燃料情况、烟气条件、生产工艺、环保法规及污染物减排要求等合理进行选择,以确保玻璃熔窑SCR烟气脱硝系统安全运行及工程投资、运行费用的经济合理性。