Antioxidant and modulatory role of Chlorophytum borivilianum against arsenic induced testicular impairment

Arsenic has a suppressive influence on spermatogenesis and induces impairment in male reproductive system due to oxidative stress. The present study was aimed to test the arsenic induced toxicity and protection by Chlorophytum borivilianum. The effect of sodium arsenite (4 mg/(kg body weight (bw). day)) via double distilled water without or with C. borivilianum (800 mg/(kg bw. day)) was evaluated in Swiss albino mice for 30 days. The radical scavenging activity of the aqueous C. borivilianum root extract was measured using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrayzyl) radical. Qualitative assessment of various cell types in the testis, sperm count and motility, testicular activity of lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), acid and alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and serum testosterone were monitored. Arsenic treatment showed a significant increase in LPO, acid and alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and decrease in sperm count, sperm motility, GSH and serum testosterone. Combined treatment showed significant decrease in LPO, acid and alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and elevation in sperm count, sperm motility, GSH and serum testosterone. Testicular histopathology showed that C. borivilianum had reduced degeneration of germ cell in the seminiferous tubules and loss of sperms induced by arsenic intoxication. The results thus led us to conclude that administration of C. borivilianum root extract is found to be protective against arsenic induced toxicity.     

谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的功能、应用及克隆表达

谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferases,GSTs,E.C.2.5.1.18)是由多个基因编码、具有多种功能的超家族酶,广泛存在于动物、植物、微生物等多种生物组织中。在生物体遇到高盐、干旱、除草剂、有机污染物等逆境时,GSTs常发挥其Ⅱ相代谢酶和抗氧化酶的双重功能,以保护生物体免受逆境的损害。文章综述了GSTs的分类、结构、功能、应用及克隆表达等方面的研究进展。     

毒死蜱对雄性小鼠生殖毒性的影响

为研究毒死蜱对雄性小鼠生殖毒性的影响,利用不同浓度毒死蜱染毒小鼠.以昆明小鼠为受试动物,毒死蜱按3、6和12mg·kg-13个剂量水平,灌胃染毒小鼠7d.以睾丸组织匀浆测定活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)和还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)的含量;以睾丸细胞测定DNA-蛋白...     

Promotive Effect of Glutathione on the Formation of DNA-Protein Crosslinks Induced by Formaldehyde in vitro and in vivo

研究发现,在环境水平的甲醛染毒之后,动物体内的谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量会发生显著减少,并呈现剂量-效应关系.值得思索的是,GSH的减少对甲醛所致的遗传毒性指标DNA-蛋白质交联(DPC)没有明显的保护作用.为了深入探讨GSH与甲醛的联合作用,进行了体外和体内两项实验.体外实验以Hela细胞为实验材料,实验组分为4组:对照组、250μMGSH组、250μM甲醛组、250μM甲醛和250μMGSH联合作用组;体内实验以昆明小鼠为实验材料,采用腹腔注射方法连续染毒两周.实验组分为4组:对照组、1mMGSH组、1mM甲醛组、1mM甲醛和1mM GSH联合作用组.体外实验与体内实验结果表明,单独GSH染毒组所致DPC与试剂对照组之间没有统计学差异(p>0.05;p>0.05),甲醛染毒组所致DPC显著高于对照组(p<0.01;p<0.05),联合作用组所致DPC不但显著高于试剂对照组(p<0.01;p<0.01)而且还显著高于甲醛染毒组(p<0.05;p<0.01).结果提示,GSH单独作用不能诱导DPC形成,但是GSH对甲醛所致的DPC具有促进作用.同时论文对这种协同作用的发生机制进行了讨论,作者认为GSH与甲醛的协同作用,和GSH与一氧化氮的协同作用的分子机制类似。     

近江牡蛎4种类型GST基因cDNA全序列的克隆与分析

为从分子水平上研究不同类型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(Glutathione S-transferase,GST)基因在近江牡蛎(Crassostrea ariakensis)等贝类体内代谢去毒过程中的作用,采用RT-PCR及RACE法,分离、克隆得到近江牡蛎肝脏4种类型GST基因cDNA全序列.序列分析结果表明,mu、pi、omega、sigma4种类型GST基因cDNA全长分别为970bp、773bp、999bp、1277bp,分别编码215、207、242、203个氨基酸.构建系统进化树发现,除太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)pi型GST外,所有类型GSTs序列都能各自聚集成一簇.     

Effect of latex material on antioxidant enzymes,lipid peroxidation,DNA damage,and chromosomal aberration

Cell integrity is affected by oxidative stress when the production of active oxidants overwhelms antioxidant defense mechanisms. Latex, a natural polymer obtained from Hevea brasiliensis, is used in medical industry for manufacturing surgical gloves, urinary catheters, and dental dams. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of latex material on oxidative stress by in vivo and in vitro methods. In addition, the material was screened for its ability to induce any chromosomal aberrations (CAs) by in vitro method. In vivo studies were carried out with implanted latex material onto subcutaneous tissue of various batches of experimental Wistar rats. At the end of experimental period, animals were anesthetized, blood was collected for serum analysis, and sacrificed. Liver was excised for the determination of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Subcutaneous tissues were obtained for the extraction of genomic DNA from implanted animals and checked for the presence of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), considered an indicator of DNA damage. Simultaneously, in vitro studies were carried out using fresh liver and subcutaneous tissue obtained from Swiss albino mice treated with physiological saline extract of latex material. For the estimation of both in vitro and in vivo oxidative stress, 10% liver homogenate was assessed for stress indicators like reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, LPO and protein content. The results of both in vivo and in vitro studies indicated that the chemical leachents from the latex material did not significantly affect LPO and the levels of antioxidant enzymes. There was also no significant increase in 8-OHdG content due to the presence of implanted latex material. Finally, the results of in vitro CA test and G banding indicated that extracts of test material did not induce any chromosomal abnormalities.     

邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯对小鼠学习和记忆能力的影响

研究邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯(BBP)暴露对小鼠脑组织的氧化损伤和对小鼠学习与记忆能力的影响.24只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为4组,每组6只,分别暴露于0,50,250,1250mg/kg的BBP,经口灌胃染毒14d.染毒期间同时进行Morris水迷宫实验,以检测小鼠的学习与记忆能力的改变.实验进行第15d,处死实验动物,取出脑、肝、肾组织,检测ROS水平及MDA和GSH含量.实验结果显示,1250mg/kg浓度BBP染毒组小鼠的学习和记忆能力与对照组相比显著下降(P<0.05);随着BBP染毒浓度的升高,小鼠脑、肝、肾组织中的ROS水平、MDA含量逐渐上升,GSH含量逐渐降低;且在1250mg/kg浓度时与对照组相比具有显著性差异(P<0.05).BBP的暴露可以影响小鼠学习与记忆能力,并对其脑、肝、肾组织产生氧化损伤.     

氯氰菊酯对小鼠脑细胞的氧化损伤及维生素E的抗氧化作用

以昆明小鼠为受试动物,随机分为6组,包括1个阴性对照组、3个氯氰菊酯染毒组、1个维生素E组和1个高剂量氯氰菊酯加维生素E组,染毒组按10,20,40mg/kg 3个剂量水平,维生素E的剂量为100mg/kg,灌胃染毒小鼠7d.以脑组织匀浆测定活性氧(ROS)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量;以脑组织细胞测定DNA-蛋白质交联(DPC)系数.随着氯氰菊酯染毒剂量的升高,脑组织的ROS、MDA含量和DPC系数逐渐上升,GSH含量逐渐降低,各指标呈一定的剂量-效应关系.染毒剂量320mg/kg时,ROS含量(841.3±100.34)、GSH含量[(12.54±1.316)nmol/L]和DPC系数(0.054±0.004)有显著差异(P<0.05);染毒剂量340mg/kg时,GSH含量[(10.51±1.545)nmol/L]有显著差异(P<0.05),ROS含量(1014.3±81.67)、MDA含量[(2.849±0.218)μmol/L]和DPC系数(0.079±0.005)有极显著差异(P<0.01).高剂量染毒加维生素E组与高剂量染毒组相比较,脑组织的ROS、MDA含量和DPC系数均有下降,GSH含量上升.脑组织的ROS(719.5±74.56)、GSH[(16.52±1.985)nmol/L]和DPC系数(0.055±0.005)有显著差异(P<0.05),MDA含量[(1.662±0.265)μmol/L]有极显著差异(P<0.01).较高剂量(320mg/kg)的氯氰菊酯能造成小鼠脑组织的氧化损伤,维生素E有抗氧化作用.