热化学洗涤－超声波分离技术处理油田含油污泥

为解决大量堆存的含油污泥所造成的环保隐患问题,长庆油田建设了含油污泥处理站。采用"热化学洗涤-超声波分离"工艺对含油污泥进行处理。含油污泥的含油率从处理前的48.9%降到处理后2.0%,除油率达到95.9%,除油效果较好。     

颗粒状污泥活性炭流化床吸附处理含铜矿山废水

以城市污水处理厂活性污泥为原料,通过高温热解制备了颗粒状污泥活性炭吸附剂。在自制的流化床吸附装置上研究了该吸附剂对含铜矿山废水的吸附处理效果。实验结果表明：在初始废水pH6、吸附剂加入量15g/L、废水循环流量6.0L/min、吸附时间120min的最佳吸附条件下,废水中Cu²⁺去除率达98.2%。     

UASB-SBR-絮凝工艺处理地沟油制生物柴油废水

采用UASB-SBR-絮凝工艺处理地沟油制生物柴油废水,考察了各个阶段的废水处理效果。实验结果表明：UASB稳定运行阶段进水COD约为15000mg/L时,COD去除率约为87%,出水COD在2500mg/L以下,出水挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）浓度为4~6mmol/L,最佳容积负荷为15.0kg/（m3·d）;采用SBR处理UASB出水,当容积负荷为1.5kg/（m3·d）时,出水COD在200mg/L以下,COD去除率在83%以上,ρ（NH₃-N）在5mg/L以下,TP约为25mg/L。向SBR出水中加入质量分数为5%的聚合氯化铝进行化学除磷,加入量为5mL/L,处理后废水TP为4~6mg/L。处理后废水的COD,ρ（NH₃-N）,TP均达到CJ343-2010《污水排入城市下水道水质标准》的A类要求。     

Recycling and recovery routes for incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA): A review

The drivers for increasing incineration of sewage sludge and the characteristics of the resulting incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) are reviewed. It is estimated that approximately 1.7 million tonnes of ISSA are produced annually world-wide and is likely to increase in the future. Although most ISSA is currently landfilled, various options have been investigated that allow recycling and beneficial resource recovery. These include the use of ISSA as a substitute for clay in sintered bricks, tiles and pavers, and as a raw material for the manufacture of lightweight aggregate. ISSA has also been used to form high density glass–ceramics. Significant research has investigated the potential use of ISSA in blended cements for use in mortars and concrete, and as a raw material for the production of Portland cement. However, all these applications represent a loss of the valuable phosphate content in ISSA, which is typically comparable to that of a low grade phosphate ore. ISSA has significant potential to be used as a secondary source of phosphate for the production of fertilisers and phosphoric acid. Resource efficient approaches to recycling will increasingly require phosphate recovery from ISSA, with the remaining residual fraction also considered a useful material, and therefore further research is required in this area.     

BMP tests of source selected OFMSW to evaluate anaerobic codigestion with sewage sludge

The aim of this study is to characterize different types of source selected organic fraction of municipal solid waste (SS-OFMSW) in order to optimize the upgrade of a sewage sludge anaerobic digestion unit by codigestion. Various SS-OFMSW samples were collected from canteens, supermarkets, restaurants, households, fruit–vegetable markets and bakery shops. The substrates characterization was carried out getting traditional chemical–physical parameters, performing elemental analysis and measuring fundamental anaerobic digestion macromolecular compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and volatile fatty acids. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests were conducted at mesophilic temperature both on single substrates and in codigestion regime with different substrates mixing ratios. The maximum methane yield was observed for restaurant (675 NmlCH₄/gVS) and canteens organic wastes (571 and 645 NmlCH₄/gVS). The best codigestion BMP test has highlighted an increase of 47% in methane production respect sewage sludge digestion.     

Fenton试剂处理汽车油漆废渣

采用Fenton试剂处理汽车油漆废渣。考察了FeSO_4用量、H_2O_2用量、反应温度、反应时间对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,在FeSO_4用量为20.5 mg/g、H_2O_2用量为0.6 g/g、反应温度为80 ℃、反应时间为3 h的最优条件下,清漆渣、色漆渣、底漆渣3种漆渣的干基减量率均为20%左右,湿基减量率分别为67.9%、48.2%和64.2%,3种产物的脱水性能均有不同程度的提高,处理后废液的COD均为2 000 mg/L左右。采用Fenton试剂处理后的清漆渣产物粒径与原料相似,产物颗粒球形度高,表面粗糙,内部为多孔结构,产物作为固体燃料时燃烧更充分。Fenton试剂处理未对漆渣中的树脂主体产生较大的破坏。     

固定化微生物脱氮技术

在废水生物脱氮中 ,利用载体固定、形成颗粒污泥等固定化微生物技术可在增加生物脱氮速度、节省碳源、减少后曝气等方面提供有效的方法 ,并实现单级生物脱氮     

城市污泥的重金属生物活性及其控制

随着土壤法规的加强 ,城市污泥中的重金属严重影响着污泥的处理、处置。介绍了污泥中重金属的分配和化学形态 ,以及迄今为止几种主要的控制方法     

污泥厌氧消化反应器CFD数值模拟研究进展

污泥作为典型的不透明非牛顿流体,在厌氧消化反应器内的流场具有复杂性,难以直接进行流场测试分析。结合计算流体力学（CFD）技术,分析污泥厌氧消化反应器内的流场分布情况,探讨污泥在反应器内混合效果和对消化过程的影响,以验证校核反应器优化设计和运行,改善污泥在消化反应器内的流动和混合性能并最终提高反应器性能。在综合文献及前期研究工作的基础上,系统分析并重点关注了CFD数值模拟过程当中多相流模型和湍流模型的选取、污泥流变特性应用、反应器流场评估优化及耦合生化模型等的研究现状及进展,最后总结了目前污泥厌氧消化反应器CFD数值模拟过程存在的问题。并指出在考量污泥流变学特性的基础上,利用传质模型将反应器流场和生化过程相耦合,构建流场-生化耦合模型,获取基质转化规律,为优化污泥厌氧消化反应器设计运行提供理论依据,是CFD应用于厌氧消化反应器数值模拟的发展方向。     

含重金属水处理污泥的固化和浸出毒性研究

工业危险固体废物在进行安全填埋前需要进行固化稳定处理。针对电镀厂和皮革厂含重金属的水处理污泥 ,用不同比例的水泥、粉煤灰进行固化稳定处理。考虑酸雨环境 ,浸出实验采用TCLP标准。电镀厂污泥单独固化时 ,其浸出液中铜离子浓度由 78 0mg/L下降到 1 5mg/L ;镍离子浓度由 2 2 4 5mg/L下降到 2 2 2mg/L ,高于危险废物允许进入填埋区 15mg/L的控制限值。电镀厂污泥与皮革厂污泥混合后固化 ,浸出液毒性明显降低。铜离子的浸出浓度降低到1 98mg/L ,镍离子降低到 4 10mg/L ,总铬降低到 0 4 0mg/L ,各项指标均低于国家危险废物允许进入填埋区的控制限值 ,可安全填埋。