深井受限空间高温环境影响模拟试验研究

为探索研究矿井高温热害对人体生理健康和工作效率的影响,分析了矿井高温热害的来源和对人体的危害。根据人体生理反应特征选取人体响应综合指标,基于深井受限空间高温环境模拟试验装备,模拟深井受限空间高温环境,开展了矿井高温对人体生理健康及工作效率影响危害的物理模拟试验。利用高温模拟试验结果数据构建了多元线性回归预测模型,对人体响应指标与温度之间的关系进行了准确的定量分析。试验结果表明,温度对血压、心率、呼吸率、疲劳度、注意力和记忆力的影响较大,而对体温、反应时间的影响则较小,并确定了相关的影响程度的预测模型。试验结果为研究深井受限空间高温作业危害和制定相关的职业健康标准提供了科研根据。     

实验室常见化学废弃物的危害及处理

论述了实验室几种常见废弃物的危害及处理方法，指出了废弃物必须经过有效处理，才能利于环境保护，防止意外事故发生。     

外来入侵物种的危害及其安全管理问题

简述了我国外来有害生物入侵的现状、趋势与危害，介绍了与生物入侵有关的几个基本原理，着重探讨了我国外来入侵物种安全管理上存在的主要问题及其对策思路。研究认为，加入WTO意味着境外危险性有害生物传入我国的风险有所加大，但我们仍然存在着认识有待提高，法律法规有待完善，以及管理体制不健全、基础研究有待加强、对外合作与内部教育有待改进等亟待解决的问题。建议以“预防为主，及早发现、消灭和控制”为指导，建立健全我国的生物入侵预警、检验监测及快速反应机制，和重大外来有害生物应急预案，以及政策和经济激励与制约机制等，使外来入侵物种造成的危害最小化。     

Measuring Biotechnology Employees’ Ethical Attitudes towards a Controversial Transgenic Cattle Project: The Ethical Valence Matrix

What is the relationship between biotechnology employees’ beliefs about the moral outcomes of a controversial transgenic research project and their attitudes of acceptance towards the project? To answer this question, employees (n=466) of a New Zealand company, AgResearch Ltd., were surveyed regarding a project to create transgenic cattle containing a synthetic copy of the human myelin basic protein gene (hMBP). Although diversity existed amongst employees’ attitudes of acceptance, they were generally: in favor of the project, believed that it should be allowed to proceed to completion, and that it is acceptable to use transgenic cattle to produce medicines for humans. These three items were aggregated to form a project acceptance score. Scales were developed to measure respondents’ beliefs about the moral outcomes of the project for identified stakeholders in terms of the four principles of common morality (benefit, non-harm, justice, and autonomy). These data were statistically aggregated into an Ethical Valence Matrix for the project. The respondents’ project Ethical Valence Scores correlated significantly with their project acceptance scores (r=0.64, p<0.001), accounting for 41% of the variance in respondents’ acceptance attitudes. Of the four principles, non-harm had the strongest correlation with attitude to the project (r=0.59), followed by benefit and justice (both r=0.54), then autonomy (r=0.44). These results indicate that beliefs about the moral outcomes of a research project, in terms of the four principles approach, are strongly related to, and may be significant determinants of, attitudes to the research project. This suggests that, for employees of a biotechnology organization, ethical reasoning could be a central mechanism for the evaluation of the acceptability of a project. We propose that the Ethical Valence Matrix may be used as a tool to measure ethical attitudes towards controversial issues, providing a metric for comparison of perceived ethical consequences for multiple stakeholder groups and for the evaluation and comparison of the ethical consequences of competing alternative issues or projects. The tool could be used to measure both public and special interest groups’ ethical attitudes and results used for the development of socially responsible policy or by science organizations as a democratizing decision aid to selection amongst projects competing for scarce research funds.     

油田液体静电的计算与预防

通过对油田产出液体储运过程中静电量的计算，说明静电积累对油罐的危害，并提出相应的预防措施。     

回采工作面热害的防治

阐述了平顶山四矿丁56—19090回采面试验下行通风的理由、方案选择、使用效果与结论。它为全矿区消除井下热害威胁、实现安全生产探索了新途径。     

持久性有机污染物的危害及防治对策

持久性有机污染物(persistent organic pollutants简称POPs)具有致癌、致突变和致畸变作用,对人类健康造成严重危害.本文就POPs的定义、特征、主要来源、种类及对人类健康的危害进行了阐述,提出了防治对策及建议.     

浅谈汽车尾气与人体健康

在介绍汽车尾气的组成以及污染现状,同时阐述了汽车尾气对儿童和成年人的危害,并结合国内外的研究状况将汽车尾气对人体的危害作了总结和展望.     

原油挥发气排空的危害及对策研究

大量的原油挥发气一直都被排放到大气中 ,既浪费了能源 ,也污染了环境。本文在分析了排空的巨大危害之后 ,对回收方法进行了探讨 ,提出了利用匹配式多级喷射器进行回收的有效方法。     

火灾中有机卤化物的危害与环境保护

主要对高分子材料燃烧易产生的有毒有机卤化物(DXN)的构造、性质和燃烧生成机理,并就有关火灾事故对环境造成的污染及可采取的相应措施作初步分析和探讨。