芝罘湾沉积物中可提取相重金属研究

讨论了芝罘湾沉积物酸提取相中Ｐｂ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｒ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｌｉ、Ｋ的分特征，及其在环境中的赋存形式，并与其它海区资料相比，得出该湾沉积物已受到重金属污染的结论。     

接枝羧基壳聚糖的合成及其对重金属离子的吸附性能

以壳聚糖为基体,经环氧氯丙烷交联,制备了水不溶性交联壳聚糖,然后以Ｆｅ＾２＋－Ｈ２Ｏ２为引发剂,将丙烯腈单体接枝到ＣＣＴＳ分子骨架上,经皂化制得了水溶性接枝羧基壳聚糖聚合物。     

长江下游居民区降水地表径流的污染特征

城市地表径流是重要非点源污染源之一,其研究对于我国城市水环境质量控制具有重要的现实意义.本文选择我国长江下游地区典型居民区下垫面作为研究对象,采集不同下垫面的多场降雨径流,探究分析其中主要金属污染物和溶解性有机质(DOM)的分布、结构特征和污染负荷.结果发现,不同下垫面地表径流中重金属均呈现一定程度的超标现象,其浓度由...     

海南省集约化种植园中谷物、蔬菜和水果中重金属累积程度及健康风险

集约化种植园中植物有害元素的累积会危及人类健康.本研究共采集海南省典型集约化种植园中谷物、蔬菜和水果样品673份.分析了7种重金属（Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、As和Hg）的分布特征,并采用单因子指数和内梅罗指数进行污染物评价.同时,结合中国营养学会推荐的日常膳食摄入量,分析重金属的膳食暴露风险.结果表明,673件农作物的Cu、As和Hg含量均低于国家食品限量标准,Pb、Zn、Cr和Cd的超标率分别为2.67%、3.71%、2.53%和3.71%.6类农作物的重金属综合污染程度表现为：叶类蔬菜 > 薯类 > 非叶类蔬菜类 > 豆类 > 水果 > 谷类.其中,叶类蔬菜中Cr的风险系数（HQ）显著高于其它类型农作物,并且大于1,表明通过叶类蔬菜摄入重金属具有潜在健康风险.薯类、非叶菜蔬菜类、豆类、水果类和谷类农作物的危害指数（HI）较低,表明这几类农作物更适合集约化生产模式.     

Restoring the plant productivity of heavy metal-contaminated soil using phosphate sludge, marble waste, and beneficial microorganisms

Assisted natural remediation (ANR) has been highlighted as a promising, less expensive, and environmentally friendly solution to remediate soil contaminated with heavy metals. We tested the effects of three amendments (10% compost, C; 5 or 15% phosphate sludge, PS5 and PS15; and 5 or 15% marble waste, MW5 and MW15) in combination with microorganism inoculation (rhizobacteria consortium alone, mycorrhizae alone, and the two in-combination) on alfalfa in contaminated soil. Plant concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Pb were measured, along with proline and malondialdehyde production. The microbiological and physicochemical properties of the mining soil were evaluated. Application of the amendments allowed germination and promoted growth. Inoculation with the rhizobacteria consortium and/or mycorrhizae stimulated plant growth. PS and MW stimulated the production of proline. Inoculation of alfalfa with the rhizobacteria-mycorrhizae mixture and the application of MW allowed the safe cultivation of the legume, as shown by the low concentrations of metals in plant shoots. Zn and Pb concentrations were below the limits recommended for animal grazing and accumulated essentially in roots. Soil analyses showed the positive effect of the amendments on the soil physicochemical properties. All treatments increased soil pH (around 7), total organic carbon, and assimilable phosphorus content. Notably, an important decrease in soluble heavy metals concentrations was observed. Overall, our findings revealed that the applied treatments reduced the risk of metal-polluted soils limiting plant growth. The ANR has great potential for success in the restoration of polymetallic and acidic mining soils using the interaction between alfalfa, microorganisms, and organo-mineral amendments.     

A meta-analysis of heavy metals pollution in farmland and urban soils in China over the past 20 years

A total of 713 research papers about field monitor experiments of heavy metals in farmland and urban soils in China, published from 2000 to 2019, were obtained. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the level of China's heavy metal pollution in soils, mainly focusing on eight heavy metals. It was found that the average concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and arsenic (As) in China were 0.19, 30.74, 85.86, 25.81, 0.074, 67.37, 27.77 and 8.89 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with the background value (0.097 mg/kg), the Cd content showed a twofold (0.19 mg/kg) rise in farmland soils and a threefold (0.29 mg/kg) rise in urban soils. The decreasing order of the mean I_geo was Cd (1.77) > Pb (0.62) > Zn (0.60) > Cu (0.58) > Hg (0.57) > Cr (0.54) > Ni (0.47) > As (0.28). Nearly 33.54% and 44.65% of sites in farmland and urban soils were polluted with Cd. The average concentrations of eight heavy metals were not sensitive change in recent two decades in farmland and urban soils. The average P_n values for urban (2.52) and farmland (2.15) soils showed that heavy metal pollution in urban soils was more serious than that in farmland, and the middle Yangtze River regions, where industrial activity dominates, were the most polluted. The meta-analysis comprehensively evaluated the current pollution situation of soil heavy metal, and provided important basis for soil management and environment prevention in China.     

京津冀及周边地区秋冬季大气污染物排放变化因素解析

基于大气污染源排放清单技术方法,定量分析2016 ～2017年秋冬季跨年霾至2019 ～2020年秋冬季疫情霾期间京津冀及周边地区主要大气污染物排放量变化,解析大气污染防治政策实施带来的减排和疫情造成的活动水平下降对主要污染物排放的贡献,并利用空气质量模型模拟分析不利气象条件下措施减排和疫情影响对空气质量改善的...     

东洞庭湖湖滨带土壤酸碱度的分布及对重金属含量的影响

用统计学方法研究了东洞庭湖湖滨带土壤pH 值的分布特征及与重金属污染特征关系。研究表明：在东洞庭湖湖滨带67个采样点中,7.46％的土样为酸性土壤,多分布在居民地和旅游区;13.43％的土样为中性土壤,多分布在湿地保护区;79.10％的土壤为碱性土壤,主要分布在农业区和工业区;无强酸性和强碱性样品。不同土壤pH范围的重金属平均含量不同,随着土壤pH值由酸性、中性到碱性的升高,Hg、Cd、Pb、Zn含量先降低后增加;As、Cu、Ni、Cr含量先增加后降低。     

重庆渝北地区土壤重金属形态特征及其有效性评价

结合渝北地区土壤重金属全量及形态分析,对区内主要土壤类型(紫色土、石灰土、黄壤、水稻土)中的As、Cd、Cr、Pb形态构成特征、影响因素及有效性进行研究. 结果表明:不同土壤类型重金属形态构成差异明显,Cr、Pb在各土壤类型中均以残渣态为主;Cd在黄壤、紫色土中以离子态、残渣态为主,其中离子态平均构成在2类土中分别高达37.44%、29.97%. w(可利用态As)和w(可利用态Cr)在紫色土中的平均值分别为0.04和0.96mg/kg,w(可利用态Cd)在水稻土和紫色土中的平均值分别为0.13和0.09mg/kg,w(可利用态Pb)在黄壤中的平均值为1.94mg/kg,表现出较高生物有效性;石灰土中各重金属可利用态总体较低. w(可利用态As)、w(可利用态Cd)分别与As全量(以w计,下同)、Cd全量呈显著正相关;w(可利用态Cd)和w(可利用态Pb)与pH,w(可利用态Cr)与w(有机质)均呈显著负相关. 紫色土中w(可利用态Cd)、w(可利用态Cr)和w(可利用态Pb)与各重金属全量、pH和w(有机质)三者显著服从多元非线性对数回归,通过该回归可对研究区紫色土这3个元素的可利用态含量进行预测.      

伊犁河流域土壤重金属环境地球化学基线研究及污染评价

采用标准化方法建立伊犁河流域黑钙土、栗钙土、灰钙土和盐碱土Cu、Zn、Pb、As、Hg环境地球化学基线模型,并计算其理论基线值.采用基线因子污染指数评价法、环境背景值评价法和重金属环境洁净度评价法对流域土壤进行对比污染评价.结果表明:①基线因子污染评价显示流域内4种典型土壤类型以As的污染最为突出,黑钙土、栗钙土、灰钙土分别有7.14%、9.76%、7.50%的样点达重度污染;其次为Pb,栗钙土有7.32%的样点达重度污染,且As和Pb的变异度最大,表明人为扰动大.②环境背景值评价显示,土壤主要污染元素为As,其次为Cu、Zn、Pb;③土壤重金属环境洁净度评价显示,Cu、Zn、Pb在4种土类中均优于二级洁净度,Hg为一级洁净度,As在灰钙土中为中度污染,黑钙土、栗钙土、盐碱土为二级或优于二级.比较3种评价体系,基线因子污染评价较为充分地体现了元素地球化学迁移特性及土壤发育过程,且可将污染评价定位到样点;而背景值污染评价因建立于区域背景值,忽视了重金属元素在土壤中自然迁移、淀积过程;重金属环境洁净度评价则以土壤环境安全度为主要评价目的.