Cr6+和Cr3+对水花生几种生理生化指标的影响比较

通过Cr6 和Cr3 对水花生 (Alternantheraphiloxeroides)的叶及根的某些生理生化指标影响的对比研究发现 ,Cr6 和Cr3 均能对水花生产生毒害 ;铬污染后 ,水花生的叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化物酶 (POD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)活性和可溶性蛋白含量 5项重要生理生化指标发生相应变化 ;Cr6 的毒性明显大于Cr3 ,根的受害程度比叶严重。     

Preparation and characterisation of green clay-polymer nanocomposite for heavy metals removal

ABSTRACT

Natural polymer Moringa oleifera seed as coagulant and bentonite clay as adsorbent were used for preparing novel composite coagulant. Results obtained from FTIR, SEM, TEM and P-XRD show that the bentonite clay and M. oleifera seed biopolymers physico-chemically interact with each other during the preparation of clay-polymer composite. The FTIR results show that the major functional groups present in bentonite clay and M. oleifera seed are integrated at nano levels in the novel composite to remove heavy metals from aqueous systems. The coagulo-adsorption using clay-polymer composite may be used for the adsorption of heavy metals ions from the aqueous systems. It becomes possible due to the structural characteristics of the clay crystallites together with the functional attraction of the biopolymer and it results in the formation of clay-polymer metal complexes. The clay-polymer nano-composite of M. oleifera seed and bentonite clay showed considerable cadmium, chromium and lead removal property.     

Kinetics of hexavalent chromium reduction by iron metal

The kinetics of Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III) by metallic iron (Fe⁰) was studied in batch reactors for a range of reactant concentrations, pH and temperatures. Nearly 86.8% removal efficiency for Cr(VI) was achieved when Fe⁰ concentration was 6 g/L (using commercial iron powder (< 200 mesh) in 120 min). The reduction of hexavalent chromium took place on the surface of the iron particles following pseudo-first order kinetics. The rate of Cr(VI) reduction increased with increasing Fe⁰ addition and temperature but inversely with initial pH. The pseudo-first-order rate coefficients (k _obs) were determined as 0.0024, 0.010, 0.0268 and 0.062 8 min⁻¹ when iron powder dosages were 2, 6, 10 and 14 g/L at 25°C and pH 5.5, respectively. According to the Arrehenius equation, the apparent activation energy of 26.5 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factor of 3 330 min⁻¹ were obtained at the temperature range of 288–308 K. Different Fe⁰ types were compared in this study. The reactivity was in the order starch-stabilized Fe⁰ nanoparticles > Fe⁰ nanoparticles > Fe⁰ powder > Fe⁰ filings. Electrochemical analysis of the reaction process showed that Cr(III) and Fe(III) hydroxides should be the dominant final products.     

草酸青霉SL2对高浓度铬污染土壤的生物淋洗及胞内铬形态转化研究

铬渣无序堆存造成的铬污染土壤迫切需要修复治理.本文以新筛选的功能微生物草酸青霉SL2(Penicillium oxalicum SL2)为材料,以重度铬污染土壤为研究对象,进行生物淋洗技术优化,并利用软X射线扫描透射显微光谱技术(STXM)及同步辐射X射线近边吸收结构谱学(XANES)分析淋洗后的草酸青霉SL2胞内铬空间分布化学形态.结果表明:分步处理并进行水洗预处理可明显提高草酸青霉SL2对高浓度铬污染土壤的总铬TCr淋出率(49.4%),淋出液中Cr(VI)在3 d内全部被还原;生物淋洗后,草酸青霉SL2胞内吸收累积了Cr(VI),部分被还原为Cr(III),两个价态的Cr在空间分布上具有一定的一致性;胞内铬形态主要为磷酸铬、草酸铬钾及半胱氨酸铬类化合物,其含量分别为46.9%、33.0%和20.1%.     

间苯二胺改性磁性壳聚糖对六价铬的还原-吸附协同作用机制研究

通过改进后的方法制备出具有良好颗粒形态的磁性壳聚糖颗粒,并使用间苯二胺(mPD)对其进行改性,在颗粒表面形成了一层含有大量含氮官能团的有机壳层,有效改善了颗粒的比表面积和活性官能团数量.通过序批实验法探究mPD改性磁性壳聚糖颗粒对六价铬Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为,实验结果显示初始pH为酸性有利于其对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除;吸附行为复合拟二级动力学模型,以化学吸附为主;在25℃、pH3条件下,由Langmuir等温线计算得吸附量可以达到212.21 mg·g~(-1),优于此前报道过的很多非纳米级新型磁性吸附剂;通过Redlich-Peterson模型的拟合和吸附反应前后的X射线光电子能谱分析,可知mPD改性磁性壳聚糖颗粒对六价铬Cr(Ⅵ)的去除是通过氧化还原反应和吸附作用协同进行的;经过6次吸附-解吸再生过程,mPD改性磁性壳聚糖颗粒仍具有100 mg·g~(-1)以上的吸附能力.综上,mPD改性磁性壳聚糖颗粒体现出其对Cr(Ⅵ)突出的去除性能,同时具有便于分离和再生能力强等特点,对于应用于含铬废水的处理具有良好的前景.     

森林土壤对几种重金属污染的"记忆"效应

采用一定浓度(40～120 mg·L-1)Cd、Cr、Pb的氯化物溶液多次浇灌森林土壤,研究受以前污灌影响而导致某次污灌后土壤对重金属的吸持率下降的效应--"记忆"效应.结果表明土壤对Cr和Pb环境容量大,"记忆"效应不明显.多次浇灌CrCl3溶液后,土壤剖面20 cm以下采样点约99%的Cr被土壤吸持;3次浇灌PbCl2后各采样点Pb浓度下降率维持在85%以上,但污灌次数进一步增加,则土壤的吸持率下降.Cd的环境容量较小,增加投入会很快使土壤上层对其吸附达到饱和,吸附带随之下移,对地下水的安全构成威胁.     

碱性介质中还原高浓度Cr(Ⅵ)细菌的分离及其特性

目前国内外处理含铬废水的微生物仅局限于酸性或中性环境,且处理Cr(Ⅵ)的浓度仅为200mg L-1左右,难以工业化应用,尤其是不可能处理诸如铬渣渗滤液之类的碱性含铬废水及铬渣.本研究从铬渣堆埋场附近取得菌样,经富集、分离、驯化,得到能在碱性介质中高效还原Cr(Ⅵ)的无色杆菌属(Achromobacter sp.)菌株,该菌为G-,具有周身鞭毛及可运动性.对其生理及还原Cr(Ⅵ)的特性进行了研究,结果表明该菌嗜碱,好氧,耐盐及高Cr(Ⅵ),在有氧、pH为10.30、30℃等条件下,含Cr(Ⅵ)1 570 mg L-1的废水经该菌处理16 h后浓度降至0.6 mg L-1.处理后的沉淀物中铬以Cr(OH)3的非晶形态存在,其中总铬含量为21.44%,Cr(Ⅵ)检测不出,具有很大的回收价值.图4表3参16     

改性泥炭对水溶液中铬的去除

为克服泥炭利用过程中存在的一些问题，对原泥炭进行了改性处理，并将改性后的泥炭与树脂结合以增强改性泥炭的机械强度。通过静态试验方法研究了改性泥炭对来自水溶液中的铬离子的吸附特性。结果表明：改性泥炭对水溶液中的铬的吸附等温过程符合Freundlich吸附等温方程，其吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程。溶液的pH值对铬的去除产生显著的影响，在pH在1．5－3．0时，改性泥炭对6价铬的去除效果最好。     

铬浸出渣治理历程及发展方向

文中针对铬盐生产过程中产生的含有六价铬的铬浸出渣引起的地下水、地表水及空气污染问题展开讨论，并以锦州铁合金集团有限公司为例，介绍铬浸出渣的治理历程，指出铬浸出渣治理方向。     

Selective removal of heavy metals by Zr-based MOFs in wastewater: New acid and amino functionalization strategy

Zr-based metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) have been developed in recent years to treat heavy metals,e.g.hexavalent chromium Cr⁶⁺ pollution,which damages the surrounding ecosystem and threaten human health.This kind of MOF is stable and convenient to prepare,but has the disadvantage of low adsorption capacity,limiting its wide application.To this end,a novel formic acid and amino modified MOFs were prepared,referred to as FormUiO-66-NH₂.Due to the modification of formic acid,i...