架空管道震害预测实用方法的研究

根据震害调查分析和试验研究结果,建立了由环境因素和管道结构参数组成的,对架空管道震害预测进行二级多因素模糊综合评判的方法。文中给出了计算、评价构成二级评判因素地震烈度、场地类型、工作状态和结构种类各档次正态模糊数范数ａｋ的参数和对实际情况如何确定的方法。本文为面广量大的已建架空管道的震害预测工作提供了一套科学性强,方便实用的计算方法。     

Sensitivity of Ozone Production to the Nmhc Composition, Aerosol Back-Scattering and High Chimney Emission

In this paper, three sensitivity studies are designed to analyze the effect of the NMHC (Non-Methane HydroCarbon) composition, the aerosol back-scattering and the high chimney NO_x emission to the photochemical prodution of ozone by using a one-dimensional photochemistry-diffusion model under a favourable meteorological condition. Measurements of the NMHC composition in Taipei indicated that the percentage of iso-butene, cis-2-butene, trans-2-butene and benzene in a unit volume was much higher than of those observed in other major cities. the high ratio of benzene was directly linked to its high percentage in gasoline. As to the unusually high amount of iso-butene, cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene, more researches are needed to identify their source. Concerns are raised as to how productive is NMHC composition is to the photochemical production of the surface ozone. A rough estimate shows that the total reactivity of the Taipei NMHC composition is about 1.21 × 10^-9 cm³ s^-1 which is 1.6 times that of the Los Angeles (LA) NMHC composition, while the simulated noon peak will be different by 28 ppbv, i.e. 18% more than that simulated with a LA composition.

Meanwhile, high aerosol loading is a serious problem in Taipei. the attenuation of the UV radiation by aerosols cannot be ignored. A numerical simulation shows that the noon ozone level will decrease from 178 to 141ppbv, i. e. about 21% reduction, with deterioration of the visual range from 85 to 5 km.

In the southern Taiwan, industry parks are mixed with the populated Kaohsiung city, hence the large emission of NO_x from high chimneys cannot be ignored. in this study, NO_x is assumed to be emitted in the layer between 235-460 m high with an emission rate of 0.05 or 0.145 ppbv/sec. the results show that the NO_x emitted from the elevated stack lead to a considerable reduction of surface ozone. Such conclusion is obtained due to the fact that a one-dimensional model is used in this paper. Whereas, if a three-dimensional regional model was used, then a higher productivity of ozone downstream would be simulated.     

塑造大学精神,建设"高水平大学"

2004年教育工作将突出两大战略重点,其中大力加强高水平大学和重点学科建设,是适应全面建设小康社会的要求,促进高等教育和职业教育与经济社会发展的紧密结合.文章从实践"三个代表"的高度,提出建设"一流大学"或"高水平大学"必须特别注重塑造大学精神;并立足教书育人,结合实际工作探讨了解决问题的对策.     

火灾后钢筋混凝土损伤程度的灰关联分析

由于火灾对钢筋混凝土结构的影响存在不确定性,使得人们不能准确地确定火灾后钢筋混凝土结构的损伤程度,给评估和加固修复带来很大困难。本文运用灰色系统理论中灰关联分析数学模型定量分析了高温下钢筋混凝土梁的3种影响因素,并确定了各因素间的主次关系,为高温后钢筋混凝土结构的安全评估及修复加固提供了理论依据。     

基于WSR的国有高新技术企业安全分析模型

针对我国国有高新技术企业在发展中面临的困难,指出对其安全问题研究,是一项复杂的系统工程。基于系统分析的WSR(物理-事理-人理)理论和方法,对影响高新技术企业的安全因素进行较为全面的分析,构建了国有高新技术企业安全因素WSR分析模型,为高新技术企业安全运营问题的系统研究提出了新的思路。     

公路隧道火灾事故调研与对策分析

通过调研国内外近60年来,有代表性的33起公路隧道火灾事故,对公路隧道火灾事故起因、特点及危害进行了详细分析,结合国外公路隧道火灾安全措施以及防火安全评估经验,提出几点降低公路隧道火灾事故风险,减少事故危害的对策与建议。以期为公路隧道规划、设计以及建设运营等工作提供有益的参考。     

Illinois redesigns its ambient water quality monitoring network

Illinois has been operating an ambient water quality network of almost 600 stations for several years. In 1977 changes in program emphasis toward intensive monitoring, the need for improved procedures and quality control in monitoring operations, and the desire to create a single data base of all Illinois State monitoring data, resulted in a redesign of the ambient monitoring program.A unique cooperative program between the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency and the US Geological Survey provides for their monitoring a portion of the network. The Survey provides flow data at most network stations as well as extensive manpower training, equipment, data processing, and program quality control. Informal agreements with other agencies have permitted a great reduction in the monitoring effort required by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency.     

SRHSC梁主要设计参数损伤敏感度分析

以型钢高强混凝土(SRHSC)梁为研究对象,结合SRHSC梁受力机理及承载能力的试验研究成果,提出了极限状态下的承载能力是评价梁力学性能的关键指标,将损伤前后梁正截面抗弯承载力之比和斜截面抗剪承载力之比的均值作为自变量,给出了SRHSC梁损伤表征函数,并借助"预定损伤法",揭示了主要设计参数对SRHSC梁损伤演化的影响规律。研究成果将为建立地震激励下SRHSC框架结构楼层损伤模型提供理论和数据支持。     

高寒条件下振弦式传感器在线测量尾矿坝浸润线的误差分析及对策

为减少和消除高寒条件下振弦式传感器在线测量浸润线的误差,通过理论分析和现场试验,对造成误差的因素及其影响情况进行了深入研究。结果表明,振弦式传感器产生测量误差的主要来源为设备安装深度的测量误差与尾矿水密度及重力加速度的取值误差,并提出了减少或消除误差的方法和工程技术措施,为高寒地区的浸润线在线精确测量提供了重要指导意义。     

前车突然切入时驾驶人应激生理特性研究

为研究前车突然切入对驾驶人生理负荷的影响,利用MP150生理监测系统对22名被试进行虚拟驾驶试验。采集记录前车突然切入时被试的生理参数。研究驾驶人心率增长率和心率变异性(HRV)指标与车速、应激距离之间的关系。结果表明:自车速度为100 km/h时,随着前车切入距离从55.6 m减小到27.8 m,被试的平均心率增长率从16.21%增大到23.27%,HRV参数低频(LF)值也呈现下降趋势。前车切入距离一定,随着自车车速从60 km/h增加到120 km/h,被试的平均心率增长率存在显著性差异,平均从13.05%上升到21.85%。差异性检验结果表明,前车切入距离和自车速度发生变化时驾驶人的生理负荷变化趋势一致,但自车速度因素对驾驶人生理负荷的影响程度高于切入距离因素。