Network design for water quality monitoring of surface freshwaters: a review

To date, many water quality monitoring networks for surface freshwaters have been rather haphazardly designed without a consistent or logical design strategy. Moreover, design practices in recent years indicate a need for cost-effective and logistically adaptable network design approaches. There are many variables that need to be included in a comprehensive yet practical monitoring network: a holistic appraisal of the monitoring objectives, representative sampling locations, suitable sampling frequencies, water quality variable selection, and budgetary and logistical constraints are examples. In order to investigate the factors which affect the development of an effective water quality monitoring network design methodology, a review of past and current approaches is presented.     

气浮过滤法处理印染废水

高效气浮工艺是处理印染废水的有效方法,通过在溶气罐中使用高效填料、优化设计溶气释放器及使用双层快滤,可大大提高处理效果。     

影响上海地区热带气旋频数的预测水平评估

在文献「１」研究的基础上,探讨了热带气旋频数预测水平的评估方法,定义了三个更适合于评估每年热带气旋预测性能的参数,对影响上海地区热带气旋频数的预测水平进行了评估,并与“九五”攻关前的业务预测性进行了比较。     

New metallothionein assay in Scrobicularia plana: heating effect and correlation with other biomarkers

Metallothionein (MT) and other biomarker levels were measured in Scrobicularia plana clams to assess pollution of the Guadalquivir Estuary possibly affected by metals released from Aznalcóllar pyrite mine in 1998. After optimizing reagent concentrations for monobromobimane derivatization, MT levels were quantified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection (RP-HPLC-FD) in heated or unheated digestive gland extracts and compared to those obtained by differential pulse polarography (DPP). MT content assayed by RP-HPLC-FD in unheated samples was higher than that obtained by DPP and correlated better with metals and anti-oxidant activities. MT assay by RP-HPLC-FD in unheated extracts would be preferable for assessing metal pollution, due to its greater sensitivity and specificity. In addition to MT induction, glyoxalase II inhibition was well correlated with metal contents. Our results suggest that metals at the estuary do not originate from Aznalcóllar spill, but from those carried along by the river and deposited at its concave bank.     

拉萨市近49年气温变化特征研究

2019年6月24日拉萨市出现了30.8℃的高温,创历史新高.为了更好的了解拉萨市气候变暖的机理以及评估该区域未来气候的变化状况,本文基于拉萨市自动气象站近49年的观测数据,采用线性趋势法、Mann-Kendall (M-K)突变检验、小波分析、R/S分析等方法深入研究了多时间尺度上气温的时空演变特征.结果 显示:(a...     

广安市城区2010年上半年酸雨频率较高的成因分析

通过对广安市城区近几年及2010年上半年大气降水监测结果的分析,结合当地地形地貌、污染源排放等影响因素,初步分析了火电厂排污对广安市酸雨的贡献以及可能造成该市城区酸雨发生频率较高的原因,并提出了改善大气环境质量、缓解酸雨污染的对策建议。     

固相萃取富集高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中的重金属元素

研究了用固相萃取富集高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中痕量重金属镍、铜、银、铅、镉和汞的方法。环境水样中的镍、铜、银、铅、镉和汞用四 -(对二甲氨基苯基 ) -卟啉 (T4 -DMAPP)柱前衍生 ,用C18固相萃取小柱萃取富集镍、铜、银、铅、镉和汞的T4 -DMAPP络合物 ,富集倍数为 1 0 0倍 ,然后用甲醇和四氢呋喃梯度洗脱为流动相 ,WatersXter raTMRP18( 3 9mm× 1 5 0mm)色谱柱为固定相分离 ,用二极管矩阵检测器检测。镍、铜、银、铅、镉和汞的检测限分别为3、2、4、3、1 5ng/L和 3ng/L。方法相对标准偏差为 1 8%— 3 2 % ,标准回收率为 92 %— 1 0 7%。该方法用于测定环境水样中的痕量重金属 ,结果令人满意     

桂林市极端天气气候事件分析

桂林是以"甲天下"的山水美景而闻名的国际旅游城市,极端天气气候事件造成的灾害将给其社会经济的发展带来负面影响.本文采用桂林1951～2004年的资料,统计干旱、暴雨、高温和强对流天气等极端天气气候事件的出现频率、强度并分析其演变趋势.结果显示,近50年来,桂林市极端天气气候事件除暴雨、干旱强度增大外,频率变化呈平稳或减小趋势.     

简析超声波声能密度对污泥减量的影响

介绍了超声波用于污泥减量的机理,研究了超声波声能密度对污泥减量的影响.研究表明当超声波频率为200 KHz,声能密度1.1W/mL,t=300 s,MISS减少率max=28.3%;SCOD从30 mg/L上升到110 mg/L.在声能密度0.22 W/mL时,t=450 s,MISS减少率max=12.8%;SCOD从30 mg/L上升到85 mg/L.另外,试验中还发现大功率超声波不利于提高污泥的脱水能力.     

高烈度地震区隧道软硬围岩交接段刚柔并济抗减震技术研究

为提高高烈度地震区隧道抗震性能,以某铁路隧道为研究背景,分析3种抗减震措施下隧道不同监测点隧道拱顶沉降、边墙收敛、衬砌结构PGA及最小安全系数,通过对比分析得到最优抗减震措施.结果表明:相比于工况1,工况2隧道拱顶沉降减小10.54％ ～81.10％,边墙收敛减小13.92％ ～78.77％,衬砌结构PGA减小31.4...